Openning Trader Joe's in Canada Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Openning Trader Joe's in Canada - Assignment Example The mode of entry the company is focusing on is acquisition. This report discusses the viability of an international expansion into Canada utilizing the acquisition entry strategy. In order to penetrate a foreign market the managerial staff of a company must perform environmental scanning of the marketplace. Canada is the biggest market that is closest to the United States. The population of Canada is 32.32 million people whose gross domestic product per capita in 2005 was $32,645 (Studentsoftheworld). Canada is part of special trade treaty between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This trade treaty is called the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA is a trade agreement that began on January 1, 1994 which removes most barriers to trade and investment among the three countries (Usda). The existence of this trade agreement means that Joe’s Trader would not have any problems gaining market entry through the acquisition mechanism. The people of Canada enjoy eating seafood and dairy products. Due to the French influence in its culture cuisine food items such as pea soup, French pastries, breads, crepes, special cheeses, lamb and veal are some of the food items Canadian citizens utilize in their homes on a daily basis (CultureGrams). The eating habits and preference for gourmet items is aligned well with the product offering of Trader Joe’s. The food market in Canada just as in other parts of the world is very competitive and profit margins are very low. Joe Trader has a product selection of upscale organic products, fresh vegetables and dairies, and many other cuisine food items that gives this firm a product differentiation which will enable to attract customer in market saturated with traditional supermarket stores. The chosen strategy for entry into the Canadian marketplace is acquisition. An acquisition is good strategy for Joe Trader because it would enable fast access for the company into Canada. An

Business Economics Essay Example for Free

Business Economics Essay Cindy wants to invest in a new business that involves the installation of solar panels. In order to make an informed decision on this business venture, she will need to review potential profit/loss in the solar panel industry by considering future prospects for this type of business. Cindy also needs to decide whether she will invest her own funds or borrow the money to start the business. The imminent growth of the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry is almost certain. When observing the rising costs of coal and natural gas prices, the decrease of PV system costs, and the government support of solar technology, the PV market looks to have a significant increase in volume over the next few years. According to SolarBuzz, a website dedicated to Solar Power and Energy, The solar PV industry has reached a critical tipping point, with end-market demand hitting record levels almost every quarter. This growth is being driven by leading module suppliers and project developers that returned to profitability during 2013, and which have now established highly-effective global sales and marketing networks.† (NPD Group, Inc., 2013) The article also states that â€Å"demand in Q1’14 will also achieve record-breaking status, as the strongest first-quarter ever seen by the PV industry.† (NPD Group, Inc., 2013) The cost of production for solar panels has decreased significantly. â€Å"The average cost for tier 1 solar photovoltaic manufacturers is expected to fall 6% during 2014, continuing the downward trend set in place since 2008, bringing the overall cost to a record low of $0.20 per watt, according to the latest research from NPD. (NPD Group, Inc., 2013) Further consumer incentives include lower utility bills, increased tax credits and higher resale values. â€Å"Homes with solar-power system using photovoltaic (PV) panels sell for an average of $24,705 more than homes without PV systems, research finds.† (Tanaka, 2014) The government supports the concept of solar power and aims to make it a major energy source. â€Å"Solar power as cheap as coal†¦ that is the holy grail of the solar power industry† (R. Glenn Hubbard, 2012) Government support includes generous subsidies to the consumer and producers of the PV industry. â€Å"Government agencies, utilities and others offer a variety of tax credits, rebates and other incentives to support energy efficiency, encourage the use of renewable energy sources, and support efforts to conserve energy and lessen pollution.† (Energy, 2014) I see four main factors influencing the price elasticity of demand: †¢Availability of close substitutes. Are there many available close substitutes for solar panels? The demand will tend to be elastic if Cindy and her customer can switch among the various types of PV’s for the same desired feature. †¢Are PV’s a necessity or a luxury? Currently, PV’s would be considered an elastic form of energy because there are other forms of electricity (coal/power plants). We once considered personal computers a luxury and they are now a necessity. Perhaps PV’s will be viewed the same way in the future. †¢How much of my income will PV’s consume? A large portion of consumer’s income equals elasticity. What portion of income can your client devote to the cost of solar panels? If it is a large share (elastic), what tradeoffs will client need to consider to make it a worthwhile purchase? †¢What is the time horizon when making decisions on PV’s? PV systems have productive life cycles of 30-50 years. (Brownson, 2014) A longer time horizon is said to be elastic. Recommendations Upon review of various criteria such as elasticity of demand, cost of production, etc, I would encourage Cindy to pursue this business venture. This sector is set to grow exponentially in the future. The fall in solar PV prices as well as other incentives will cause higher demand for  installation. This will benefit Cindy’s new business venture by bringing more installation business and lower input costs. This can be seen in the demand supply figure: It also makes good economic sense for Cindy to borrow money for her solar panel business venture as the government provides various subsidies to businesses involved in clean energy. â€Å"In total, the federal energy tax subsidies will cost more than $16 billion in 2013, up from only $5 billion in 2005.† (Bastach, 2013) Cindy can benefit from a piece of the clean energy subsidy pie. Bibliography Bastach, M. (2013, March 13). Most energy tax subsidies go toward green energy, energy efficiency. Retrieved from The Daily Caller: http://dailycaller.com/2013/03/14/cbo-most-energy-tax-subsidies-go-toward-green-energy-energy-efficiency/ Brownson, J. (2014, May 25). Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering. Retrieved from Penn State University: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/eme810/node/593 Energy, U. D. (2014, may 25). Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings. Retrieved from Energy.gov: http://energy.gov/savings NPD Group, Inc. (2013, December). Solarbuzz. Retrieved from Solarbuzz: http://www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/strong-growth-forecast-solar-pv-industry-2014-demand-reaching-49-gw R. Glenn Hubbard, A. P. (2012). Economics. VitalSouce bookshelf version. Tanaka, S. (2014, May 22). Payback Time for Solar-Power Energy Systems. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304198504579571960667560156?mg=reno64-wsjurl=http%3A%2F%2Fo nline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304198504579571960667560156.html

McDonalds Advertising and Marketing

McDonalds Advertising and Marketing Welcome to McDonalds what can I get for you today? A very warm saying that might sound similar to many consumers, who attend fast food restaurants on a frequent basis. Have any one ever wondered why we keep on going back to McDonalds week after week? This is mainly because of McDonalds advertising and marketing. McDonald has an image that is more than just food; it is a place for the families. Over 9500 restaurants in nearly 45 countries is the strength of McDonalds. None of the single brand name has ever matched McDonalds marketing budget. McDonalds approximately spends more than $800 million dollars each year on their marketing and promotion. McDonalds began a major advertising campaign in the year 1987 that aimed to neutralize the misconception of junk food about their good food. This marketing strategy of theirs did not last long as newspapers started to write that the food in McDonalds is not so nutritious and people do not come to McDonalds for nutritious food. From then onward s McDonalds started to offer only a nourishment card rather than trying to stamp their food products as nutritious one. According to Mr.Peter Cox, a former consultant of marketing belonging to the vegetarian society, did quotation from the book, Behind the Arches, the reason why Japanese people are small and have yellow skin, because they have consumed only fish and rice for the past 2000 years. McDonalds soon came out with the marketing slogan that if you eat Hamburgers and potatoes for nearly 100 years then you will grow taller and have a white skin with blonde hair this slogan was ruled out. However, their marketing to children was not ruled out. Most of the McDonalds marketing are aimed towards children. According to the researchers, they say that when a child looks at Ronald he or she thinks only of French fries and hamburgers. Researchers also say that many children admire Ronald and want to be like him, as Ronald loves McDonald and so will they. According to the Childrens thi nking it doesnt matter how much fast food they should be eating because Ronald says its always good and fun. In the 1980s Childrens love towards Ronald went haywire and the major man Geoffrey Guillano, Ronald, give up and apologized for his actions. He personally believed that he brainwashed the children into doing things that are wrong, he also admitted that he was sorry to the children everywhere for selling out to concerns that make millions by killing animals. In the UK McDonalds also does marketing to young children, aged between 2 and 8. Their McDonalds adverts contained a simple song that was easy to remember for children. According to John Hawkes, the McDonalds United Kingdom Chief Marketing Officer their song was to reach each family through their children. He said the song was stored in the front position of the brain of the childrens mind. This made children to attach hunger with McDonalds and inquire their parents to take them there. McDonalds also tried to target young adults, ages 16-25. McDonalds took a new move toward to target young adults, where they used discounts and coupons. McDonalds offered twenty nine cent and thirty nine cent hamburgers and cheeseburgers. McDonalds never make cash off the price the customers pay to these burgers but rather they did from the soda they bought and the fries they bought. This leads to the subliminal marketing, also known as the trade-off result. For example, when the customer went to pay money for a small coke they usually end up buying a large one. This is mainly because the small one is $1.09, the medium $1.24, and the large $1.29. A customer looks at the prices and tries to figure out the most excellent deal possible for their money. The medium sells for $0.15 cents more than the small that gave the customer 5 more ounces of drink but the large sells for $0.05 more cents than the medium one and the customer will end up getting 11 more ounces for their nickel. This makes the customer to buy their soda th at is two sizes larger than what they originally planned to buy. Even though the customer spends $0.20 more than their usual, however McDonalds spends close to nothing. The customers will also do the same process for their french fries. A medium portion of fries costs $1.29, large is $1.59, and a super is $1.79. The large sells for $0.30 more than the medium but the super are only $0.50 more than the medium and $0.20 than the large. The customer in their mind will think, that if they spend the extra $0.30 to get the large fry they might as well spend $0.20 more cents and get the best value possible for their dollar. In conclusion, everyone are targeted for something. Whether it is for McDonalds or or some other fast food chain. Marketing is what makes one store better than the other, and McDonalds are very good in that. This is a research about McDonalds and their marketing strategy under the credit crunch situation. In this research I aim to explore on the below mentioned objectives. First of all I am going to start with the research background, where I will go through McDonalds history, their hold in the market, their main competitors etc, that will hold as a base to this particular research. Next I will talk about the different literatures that, regarding where research has been done on the similar topic. According to my though previous literatures will not have much information on the effect of credit crunch, however my literatures will include more on the marketing area involving fast food chains. After the literature review I will give the methodology for the research, where the research methodology for the purpose of the research will be discussed based on the research objectives and the type of the research. In the next section I will do the main research, where the primary data will be coll ected relevant to the research that is based on the research methodology. After doing the primary research the findings will be analyzed and possible results will be arrived at before conclusion. OBJECTIVES Effect of tight economic condition on the food industry. What do people perceive about McDonalds even in the tight economic condition? McDonalds brand management Marketing strategies adopted by McDonalds to attract people keep coming towards their shop. RESEARCH BACKGROUND With over 35,000 locations in hundred countries, McDonalds (NYSE: MCD) is the worlds largest fast food restaurant chain. McDonalds operates its own restaurants and franchises its brand to local businesspeople (about seventy percent of the worlds McDonalds are franchised.) The company experienced a theatrical turnaround in 2003, driven by a two-pronged plan. In countries such as the US and the UK., McDonalds focused on rising sales at existing locations by renovating their stores, increasing menu options and also extending store hours. Globally, McDonalds expanded aggressively, opting to franchise rather than operate its new locations which provide new income with little overhead. Both strategies have paid dividends- despite its dimension, sales have full-grown by a 3rd since 2003 Domestically, McDonalds continues to do strongly in spite of a pullback in customer spending and is even benefiting as customers trade-down from more expensive eating options. During this same time, global operations were driving profit growth. A rising global middle class, particularly in emerging markets like China, India and Latin America, is a massive opportunity for McDonalds. McDonalds violent efforts to get bigger its global presence- most notably in 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics- have produced strong similar sales and profit growth. McDonalds Business Strategy McDonalds has pursued 2 strategies since 2003. To be in the run with the fast changing customer preferences, demographics and spending patterns, McDonalds has introduced novel items in their menu including angus beef burger and premium chicken sandwiches and does campaigns to create more healthy foods including salads on the side. This strategy basically reflects the beliefs that innovation as opposed to reliability to traditional products is the key determinant towards success in the fast food industry. They have also focused more on increasing their sales at their current restaurants instead of opening new ones. To do so, McDonalds has redesigned many of their restaurants, kept their stores open till late and increased menu options. Nonetheless, new restaurants are still getting opened around the world at a rapid pace the company plans to open nearly 1,000 units in 2010, and continues to produce its new restaurants at a 1%-2% rate each year. Size Matters Size of McDonalds has three main advantages: McDonalds has a strategy of uniform menu offerings that can be accumulation produced, lowering production costs. Bargaining power with their suppliers reduces input costs with improved margins. Large advertising costs mean lots of exposure towards domestic and international market. International Expansion McDonalds is well-established in Europe, the Middle East, Asia/Pacific Islands, and Africa. Its enlargement in Europe is dominated mainly by Germany, France and the UK. In Asia, the general management has indicated that there is important potential in the China market. McDonalds have adapted its menu items to different local cultures, such as the Teriyaki Mac in Japan, Filet-O-Fish in China, and using lamb instead of beef in India. Although McDonalds is the obvious leader of the fast food industry in terms of revenues generated and restaurants recognized, it faces rivalry from other fast food chains, which are introducing new products themselves. Major direct competitors in the (hamburger-based) fast food industry include: Burger King Holdings is the 2nd largest hamburger fast food chain. Although more of their restaurants are franchised than McDonalds restaurants, revenues of Burger King Franchise fall behind that of McDonalds, mainly due to the their size advantage. Wendys is the 3rd largest hamburger fast food chain. They have a lower operating margin than that of McDonalds, hence it is more likely that they suffer negative impacted during a recession. Yum! Brands runs Kentucky Fried Chicken, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Long John Silvers, and AW All-American Food Restaurants. Currently, Yum! Brands are dominating the Chinese market, posing a threat to McDonalds in their attempts to enter the market. Where McDonalds Corporation focuses on its core brand, Yum! divides its resources among a wide variety of different restaurants. In addition to the above competitors, McDonalds also competes with non-hamburger-based fast food restaurants (such as Panera Bread Company (PNRA), Panda Express and Qdoba), local and national dine-in restaurants (such as Red Robins and Sharis), pizza parlors, coffee shops (Starbucks), street vendors, convenience stores and supermarkets. McDonalds revenue decreased by 7% to $5.65 billion in Q2 09 (ending March 31st, 2009), a decrease from $6.08 billion the previous year. However, operating income increased 2% over the previous year, from $1.65 billion to $1.68 billion. Much of the decline in revenue can be attributed to company-operated restaurants, whose revenue numbers decreased by 10% from $4.3 billion in the previous year to $3.8 billion. Revenue from franchised restaurants, on the other hand, actually increased 1% from $1.78 to $1.80 billion Since the margins on franchised restaurants are higher than those of company-operated restaurants, the higher contribution from franchised restaurants in the revenue mix positively impacted McDonalds operating margins (from 27.2% to 29.8%). McDonalds also noted that McCafe, which they labeled as a long-term home run, had met sales expectations and has benefited from the high level of advertising that McDonalds has committed to it. Coffee sales now make up 5% of McDonalds total sales. The effect credit crunch has driven a record numbers of consumers from across different social spectrum to buy food under the golden arches of McDonalds. The fast-food giant is serving close to 100 million customers every month at its 1,200 restaurants in Britain, revealed in the recent times. That is about 12 million more than its own previous record last December, which is typically the busiest month. The UK chief executive Mr.Steve Easterbrook, in the recent times have said that it is the 10th consecutive quarter of growth for them in the UK,Which s a real momentum in the business. McDonalds UK delivered like-for-like sales growth, taken from restaurants open for 12 months or more, of more than 8 per cent for the three months to 30 September. Mr Easterbrook declined to provide a specific sales figure for McDonalds UK, but said it was above the 8.2 per cent underlying growth at the American companys European division. He said the sales figures were a further testament to the changes McDonalds had made over the past few years, with improvements to its menu, extended opening hours and new restaurant formats. It also illustrated that companies perceived to offer value for money were attracting more middle-class customers, he added. Mr Easterbrook said: Those people who are coming back to McDonalds, and who have not been there for a while, are finding a whole new McDonalds. Discount retailers, such as Aldi and Poundland, are also profiting as hard-pressed customers seek out bargains. Mr Easterbrook said: We have always had a very broad appeal and we are picking up more people across the board, but some people are trading down. A family of four can come in and have a meal for  £15. We are seeing growth across the menu from the Extra Value Meals to our Rainforest Alliance coffee and premium burgers. McDonalds is also reaping the rewards of extending the opening times of its restaurants. Some open at 5am and 200 British branches trade for more than 24 hours at weekends. Mr Easterbrook said early opening was having a positive effect because if had increased the numbers of people coming into its stores throughout the morning. Sales of its coffee were up by more than 20 per cent, he added. Globally, McDonalds operating income rose by 20 per cent over the three months to 30 September to $1,823.7m, and its total worldwide sales increased by 7.1 per cent. Marketing at McDonalds McDonalds is one of the best known brands worldwide. Through marketing, McDonalds establishes a prominent position in the minds of customers. This is known as branding. Branding develops a personality for an organisation, product or service. The brand image represents how consumers view the organisation. Branding only works when an organisation behaves and presents itself in a consistent way. Marketing communication methods, such as advertising and promotions, are used to create the colours, designs and images which give the brand its recognisable face. At McDonalds this is represented by its familiar logo the Golden Arches. In all its markets, McDonalds faces competition from other businesses. Additionally, economic, legal and technological changes, social factors, the retail environment and many other elements affect McDonalds success in the market. Marketing involves identifying customer needs and requirements and meeting these needs in a better way than competitors. In this way a company creates loyal customers. By identifying their target audience McDonalds Marketing department will determine the correct marketing mix. Which products are well received What prices consumers are willing to pay What TV programmes, newspapers and advertising consumers read and view Which restaurants are visited Accurate research is essential in creating the right marketing mix which will help to win customer loyalty and increase sales. As the economy and social attitudes change, so do buying patterns. McDonalds needs to identify whether the number of target customers is growing or shrinking and whether their buying habits will change in the future. By Doing SWOT analysis on McDonalds Strength E.g. the brand, and detailed market research to create the right marketing mix. Weakness McDonalds has been around for a long time. (therefore important to keep innovating). Opportunities E.g. increasing numbers of customers looking for food that is served in a quick and friendly way. Threats New competitors, changing customer lifestyles. LITERATURE REVIEW According to Nazlin Imran(1999), in one of his works says that the study of consumer perception regarding food quality and acceptability is complex and interdisciplinary, encompassing scientific disciplines including food science and technology, nutrition, psychology, physiology, marketing and hospitality. Food having possessed with physicochemical characteristics arising from ingredients, processing and storage variables resulting in the sensory characteristics of the food product. These sensory properties are detected by consumers using the human sense organs producing experiences of the taste, appearance, smell and texture of the product. The basic study of the interaction between these human senses and the physicochemical properties is known as psychophysics. In food science, sensory evaluation is nothing but applied forms of psychophysics. The sensory attributes of a food product interact with consumer physiological, behavioral and cognitive factors within the consumer experienc e to exert influence on consumer perception. Context and background also affects this interaction, e.g. cultural setting and psychosocial influences in which the consumers encountered the food product which also affects the consumer hedonic response, i.e. the individual feeling of like or dislike, of the consumer. Sensory and hedonic experience interacts with post-consumptional experiences to produce responses that feed-back into the consumer physiological state, the learning process and memory building. Consumer expectation is in turn affected by this process. Expectation can be generated from cues such as packaging, labeling, product information and stereotypes. Thus, consumer food choice is determined by many factors as shown in the below figure. Food choice factors were being individually studied in the past by other disciplines, e.g. psychobiology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, nutrition and marketing. However, in the recent times, the the factors involved in the per ception and acceptance of the food quality food quality are being studied collectively in sensory science. Sensory science has been described as a place of meeting in science, bridging the gap between humanities and the pure sciences. It has been shown that many individual factors affect the perception of a food product. These factors include taste, odor, information from labeling and images, attitudes, memory from previous experience, price, prestige, nutritional content, health belief, familiarity and brand loyalty (Krondl and Lau, 1978, 1982; Raats et al., 1995). Sensory attributes have been known to play an important role in overall perception and acceptance of a food product. It has been well recognized that the intensity of food-related sensory attributes affect the level of pleasantness or unpleasantness of a food product (Cardello, 1994). Texture and flavor have been shown to have a profound effect on perception and acceptability (Szczesniak, 1972). However, the first taste is almost always with the eye, i.e. visual sensations always help contribute to this perception since the first encounter with food products is often the contact of the eye and will affect subsequent willingness to accept a product. The effect of visual sensations should never be underemined. Human perception of quality is dependent on the visual image (Hetherington and MacDougall, 1992). It has been well established that color and appearance can have a halo effect which modifies subsequent flavor perception and food acceptability (Hutchings, 1994; Kostyla and Clydesdale, 1978). Appearance, flavor and texture are important quality attributes which characterize raw food materials and processed products (Schutz and Wahl, 1981). Kramer and Szczesniak (1973) use a circle diagram to describe the sensory quality of food. In this sensory circle, the perimeter of the circle is divided into three merging zones defined by appearance, flavor and texture. These zones are often regarded as an individual and seperate characteristic, however some properties do overlap indicating that the perception can be affected by more than one sense. However, the significance of different product attributes varies with the situation and time . For example, a product that is seen on a supermarket shelf may have different attributes affecting perception when compared to the same product seen on a plate. The same product on a plate would be affected by anticipatory and participatory attributes (Hutchings, 1977). In other words, at the point of consumption, anticipatory factors such as the initial product appearance and also consequent participatory factors such as product flavor and texture may dominate the acceptance level for many foods. Appearance encompasses several basic sensory attributes such as colour, opacity, gloss, visual structure, visual texture and perceived flavor. Of all these visual aspects, the effect of color is the most obvious and well-studied. The strong association between food and color was established as early as 1936 by Moir and 1939 by Dunker. Extensive research has confirmed the importance of color in taste recognition and intensity (Johnson and Clydesdale, 1982; Kostyla, 1978; Maga, 1974), in f lavor detection and recognition, in food preference (Christensen, 1983; DuBose et al., 1980) and food acceptability (Johnson and Clydesdale, 1982; Maga, 1974). Consumer perception of an acceptable color has been shown to be associated with other quality attributes: flavor, nutrition and level of satisfaction (Christensen, 1983). Rolls et al. (1982) showed that manipulation of color in some products can be used to enhance intake and presumably to enhance sales. The effect can be achieved by manipulation of one or more variables: color within a formulation, incident light, packaging color and even color and appearance nomenclature and brand name (Martin, 1990) (Nazlin Imran, 1999) Perceived service value has been a critical construct in marketing because it is assumed to have a significant influence on purchase or patronage behavior (Bolton and Drew, 1991; Zeithaml, 1988). Although value is an indistinct and elusive construct, service value as perceived by consumers has narrowly been defined as a trade-off between perceived quality (or the benefit component) and perceived sacrifice (or the cost component) regarding a service being evaluated (Dodds and Monroe, 1985; Dodds et al., 1991). Consumers would make their value judgment on a service by trading off the positive utility of the quality against the negative utility of the cost inferred from various service characteristics. Then, what specific aspects of a service imply the quality and the cost for the value judgment? This question is dealt with in the sections below. Perceived service quality. Perceived quality is one of the major determinants of perceived service value. It is assumed that consumers consider various dimensions of a service to reach their overall judgment of service quality. Parasuraman et al. (1988), based on a survey with 200 consumers about five different service categories, have developed a standardized instrument called SERVQUAL, which can be used to measure customer perceptions of service quality. They then have retested and refined their original SERVQUAL instrument (Parasuraman et al., 1991). SERVQUAL consists of 22 items measuring customers expectations and another 22 items measuring their perceptions of five dimensions of service performance. Specifically, they have suggested that when consumers make their judgment of service quality, they would generally consider the service providers: Physical facilities and equipment (tangibles); Ability to perform promised service dependably and accurately (Reliability); Willingness to help customers and provide prompt service (Responsiveness); Knowledge, courtesy and ability to inspire trust and confidence (Assurance); and Caring and individualized attention to its customers (empathy). However, SERVQUAL is a generic measure; researchers have found that the relative importance of the five dimensions varies across different service industries (e.g. Crompton and Mackay, 1989; Johnson et al., 1988; Parasuraman et al., 1988, 1991). Perceived service cost. Consumers compare service quality with cost to determine service value. Service cost is basically what consumers have to give up or sacrifice to obtain a desired service. Since it has a negative impact on consumers budgets, it would have a negative influence on their perceptions of service value. The concept of cost can be extended to include nonmonetary cost such as service time (see Murphy and Enis (1986), for a detailed review of time costs). Service time is the amount of time during which a service is provided. Since most customers would like to have faster services, service time would affect perceived service value in the same way monetary cost would. Some services require customers to be present physically where the services are provided (e.g. hairstylists, hotels and motels, restaurants, etc.). For such service categories, service locations, like service time, are an important cost/benefit factor determining service value because the more convenient the locations are, the fewer amounts of time consumers need to get there, and vice versa. (Moonkyu Lee, Francis Ulgado, 1997) The UK fast-food marketplace is value an estimated  £7.82 billion annually (Keynote, 2003), an average amount spends of twenty pound per month per adult (McDonald, 2003). Due to busier client lifestyles and dual-working families with children, stress is increasingly being placed on fast meal solutions (Atkins and Bowler, 2001). This has resulted in a market enlargement of more than 18 per cent in fast food since 1998 (Keynote, 2003). United Kingdom customers tend to look upon expediency and wholesomeness as polar opposites, rather than a balancing type of food value (Jack et al., 1997, 1998). These researchers found that convenience is likely to be associated with wide food processing, as in the example of manufactured snack foods; such snacks are apparent as suitable but unhealthy, while natural fruit as a snack are perceived as healthy but inconvenient. Fast food meals based on burgers and fried chicken (e.g. MacDonalds, KFC) also tend to be perceived as suitable but unhealthy. T here has been a sustained increase in the demand for expediency foods and snacks over a number of years (Traill, 1994; Keynote, 2003). Moreover, a better volume of fast food is enthused in the United Kingdom than in any other country in Europe (Schlosser, 2001). Recently, the thought that processed convenience foods are contributing to a fatness epidemic has led to litigation proceedings against McDonalds. At the same time, a figure of fast-food companies and food manufacturers have reviewed the fat and sugar contents of their manufactured goods ranges, and reconsidered the dimension of the portions they offer. New healthy options (e.g. pasta salad, fruit bags,) can now be purchased from fast-food outlets next to customary burger and chicken meals. Another new innovative strategy by McDonalds and KFC enables nutritional information for each meal to be accessed via nutritional calculator tools on each companys web site (see www.mcdonalds.co.uk and www.kfc.com). From the early stages of post-war nourishment policy in the UK, food manufacturers have responded to nutritionists calls for better products to some degree. However, they have also asserted there are no good or bad foods only good or bad diets (Richardson and Brady, 1997). In the meantime, the UK Food Standards Agencys (FSA) present diet and nourishment strategy emphasizes a key role for the food manufacturing in helping to get better the nutritional excellence of dietary intakes (Scottish Food Advisory Committee, 2002). For caterers, this means offering a greater option of healthier tableware, and for manufacturers and retailers, rebalancing foodstuff ingredients, in particular, reducing the attendance of fat, salt and sugar and rising that of fruit, vegetables and complex carbohydrates. Health branding initiatives, such as the Department of Healths 5-a-Day campaign promoting fruit and vegetable eating, have clearly helped to lift the profile of nutrition targets (Department of Health, 2003; Parker, 20 03). Food companies desire the logo but obtainable processed foods may not meet its strict supplies (Laurance and Mitchell, 2003). As a result, manufacturers and retailers have begun to open their own logos and claims. Customer value plays a vital role at the heart of all advertising activity as it refers to things of worth that have been created for a specific marketplace (Holbrook, 1999). Customer value is a highly multifaceted concept in that it integrates a collection of possible product excellence attributes, process-related attributes and less touchable sources of value, in particular, brand image (Schro ¨der, 2003). For fast foods, manufactured goods attributes may be further broken down into dietary, sensory and clean quality. The nature of food production and processing is becoming more significant to customers (Baltas, 2001; Bredahl et al., 1998), even if these aspects cannot be established through the real consumption of the food (credence attributes). Ethical manufactu re in terms of animal and human welfare, and environmental guard are key issues here (Wier and Calverley, 2002;Harper and Makatouni, 2002; Grankvist et al., 2004). Holbrooks (1999) typology serves as a mapping tool for generic customer value and is highly applicable to the food background. For example, it highlights both functional customer value (which might be interpreted as food security and dietary make-up) and ethics. However, business image is only partially built on touchable product and process attributes. Equally significant is the manner in which companys converse with stakeholders through their marketing strategies, including CSR initiatives. CSR may be defined as an organizations rank and activities with admiration to perceived communal obligations (Brown and Dacin, 1997). Through the Business Excellence Model (British Quality Foundation, 1998), the crash of an association on society has been highlighted alongside the require for worker and customer satisfaction. Clearly , the better the perceived power and influence of an association the more likely it is to draw the attentions of campaign groups. The activities of influential organizations will be improved understood by the community and have an effect on more customers than those of smaller competitors. When campaigners single out such organizations for inspection or even assault, they can wait for more media interest for the issues they want to make public. It is therefore not surprising that worldwide players in the fast-food sector, such as McDonalds, be inclined to find themselves in the dismissal line of groups concerned with the a variety of aspects of food quality. (Schroder McEachern, 2005) According to Peter Jones et al (2002) there are a wide variety of elements in the UKs retail catering industry but fast food are perhaps the most prominent, the most dynamic and the most rapidly growing. While there are va

A Truly Hawthorne Nation :: essays research papers

A TRULY HAWTHORNE NATION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people have had an effect on this country. The reason for this lies in our country’s youth. The United States formed at a time when technological advancements allowed many more people to leave a legacy in its dawning. These advancements led to a creation of literary history. I find it hard to say one person had a larger effect on anything than anyone else, but some people do seem to stand out more than others. In helping to form, or even by just translating how others helped to form this country, authors were able to compile a great deal of literature. This literature has left us a way to learn about our history and many of the important people in it. One of these important people, whom also happened to be an author, was Nathaniel Hawthorne. He wrote about his own experiences, including his observations of other people’s experiences. His life led him to the right places at the right times. Today anybody can pick up his works and take from them the knowledge of what it was like to live during his times. Anyone who reads his work inherits just a little bit of his style into their own writing. There is so much of his own work, on top of so much work pertaining to him, in this world that it is hard for him not to have made an impact on it. He has served as a translator, taking in the influences of his time and especially the people of his time, to in turn influence the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nathaniel Hathorne was born July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts(Carey ed. 6). Here alone is where he gained much of his influence, both through his family’s history, as well as in his own time. Much of his persona can be understood by knowing some facts of his life. His father died, while at sea, of yellow fever in 1808(Carey ed. 6). Due to a leg injury in 1813 Nathaniel was unable to attend school and was thus home taught by Joseph Worcester for a short time(online:Dates 1800 to 1900- a timeline from Nathaniel Hawthorne: 4/1/99). In 1819 he attended Samuel Archer’s School, in preparation for college(Martin 11). In 1820 he was tutored by Benjamin Oliver(11). He began his studies at Bowdoin in 1821, where he was privileged enough to work along side Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Franklin Pierce, and other great minds(Carey ed.

Citizens United V. Federal Election Comission

Resolved: On balance, the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission harms the election process. My partner and I stand in firm negation of today’s resolution. If my partner and I uphold that the Citizens United decision does not directly harm our election process, then we win today’s round. Contention 1: Citizens United has negligible effect on public participation in elections. In fact, the decision actually supports voter turnout. Many would argue that a bombardment of ads and excessive spending discourage voters, but this is not the case.In fact, there aren’t any studies that back up this claim sufficiently. There are many studies however, that say that ads pique the interest of voters and encourage them to educate themselves about the candidates. The Journal of Politics reports that respondents in 2000 were as much as 10 percentage points more likely to vote if they watched much television (particularly daily news shows) in medi a markets that were bombarded with presidential ads. Exposure to the ads increased intentions to vote by 18 percentage points.Clearly, campaign ads are very helpful when it comes to voter turnout, and after the case, there was a major increase in the amount of ads aired during a campaign according to a Wesleyan study. We have seen a 40% increase in ads since 2008. In addition, the number of ads only increased by 10,000 from 2004-2008 compared to the 300,000 increase from 2008-2012. Allowing corporations to fund ads and Political Action Committees raises awareness for elections, and potentially increase voter turnout. Contention 2: The decision by the court actually prevents corruption.Matthew Melone, a professor from Depaul University, notes that, â€Å"To believe that corporate advocacy will distort the political process and lead to public lack of confidence in the system is to miss the point that influence will continue to be sought by other means. As long as elected officials of fer themselves up for sale there will be buyers. Even if one believes that corporate express advocacy will become a currency for influence peddling, it is less objectionable than other forms of currying political favors: at least corporate advocacy is transparent. Indeed, the type of fairly easily monitored campaign contributions that Citizens United has legalized are the most transparent, least corrupt way for corporations to exert their influence. As a result, according to the Sustainable Investment Institute, 84 percent of large corporations now acknowledge and report their campaign contribution (up from 78 percent before Citizens United). In short, corporations have been given a legitimate, non-corrupt means of contributing to political campaigns and they are taking that opportunity instead of relying on back-door deals and other illegal methods.In fact, transparency after Citizens United was increased. The New York Times says, â€Å"An often-overlooked part of the Citizens Uni ted decision actually upheld disclosure requirements, saying that ‘transparency enables the electorate to make informed decisions and give proper weight to different speakers and messages. ’ Lower courts have embraced the ruling, relying on Citizens United to reject challenges to disclosure laws, often in cases involving political spending related to social issues. † So Citizens United actually made it easier for courts to reject challenges to disclosure laws, and thus creates more transparency.The New York Times also said, â€Å"None of this means that existing disclosure laws are necessarily adequate. But if they are not, the fault lies with Congress and state legislatures, not the Supreme Court. † What many people fail to realize, is that these transparency issues we currently have were around long before the Citizens United decision. Citizens United is not to blame when it comes to corruption, because it actually helps keep corruption out of the electio n process. Contention 3: Our democratic approach in elections is upheld through the decision.The court decision also better upholds the democratic ideals our election process is based on. Our 1st amendment rights give us the freedom of speech. This right does not only apply to individuals, but corporations as well. This is supported by the Supreme Court in such cases as Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company which dictates that the term person, in the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment, applies to corporations as well as people. In addition, the Supreme Court also ruled in Buckley v.Valeo that money to influence elections is a form of constitutionally protected free speech. So BCRA denying corporations their constitutional rights to donate and spend on elections harms democracy, and goes against our election process. Further, government regulation would inhibit the flow of information from corporations. Justice Kennedy upheld in the decision that â€Å"b y definition, an independent expenditure is political speech presented to the electorate that is not coordinated with a candidate. † It is for the aforementioned reasons that my partner and I urge a con ballot. Thank you.

Poem Analysis: Mid-term Break Essay

Seamus Heaney himself is the narrator in the poem, Mid-term Break, a sad story from his childhood. It depicts the reactions of everyone around him and of himself to a death in the family. It does this through the poem’s three parts: the waiting at school, the behaviour of everyone at home, and his solitary viewing of the body. This poem is unsentimental but full of emotions. The first stanza introduces Seamus sitting alone at school, in the â€Å"sick bay†. He is waiting, and time passes slowly as he counts â€Å"bells knelling classes to a close†. This tells the reader that the mid-term break is not a school holiday, as classes are still taking place. The boy is eventually picked up by his neighbours, which shows the reader that his parents are too busy to pick up their son, so it must be an important occasion. The next stanza starts with Seamus arriving home, and in the porch meeting his father, who is crying. This stanza tells us that we are witnessing a funeral. The reader still does not know who has died, but we know that it is a family member, perhaps a sibling or even the boy’s mother. In the third stanza, the baby â€Å"cooed and laughed†; this shows the baby’s innocence and lack of awareness of what is happening. At this point the only emotion that the narrator expresses is embarrassment by the way older men are treating him; like an adult. The fourth stanza describes the way the guests at the funeral react to the boy. He is conscious of the way he is being observed and talked about; this reinforces the idea of the boy having to grow up for this event. The last line in the stanza introduces the boy’s mother; so another family member is eliminated from the mystery of who has died. The next stanza begins with his mother expressing her emotion: â€Å"angry tearless sighs†, a contrast to both the boy’s stated emotion and his father’s reaction. In this stanza, the ambulance arrives, and the â€Å"corpse† is taken into the house. The sixth and seventh stanzas depict the next morning and the boy visiting the room where the body is laid. Everything he observes is understated, and we find out that the funeral was that of someone who had been hit by a car and killed. In the last stanza we learn that it was a young child who has died, and come to realise that it was in fact Heaney’s brother. This makes the stanza brutal, hard, shocking and unforgettable, as a child has lost his life before it has truly begun. The words are nearly all emphasised, so the reader must take in the line’s message and the shock and deep grief that the family must have felt. The shock for the reader is that as we find out who died, we also find out that the boy was a mere four years old. There are eight stanzas in the poem. The first seven consist of three lines, and the last comprises only one. The rhyming in the poem is not strict: for example â€Å"close† and â€Å"home† both have the ‘o’ sound but are not total rhymes, and â€Å"crying† and â€Å"stride† both have the â€Å"i† sound. This very loose rhyming scheme is present throughout most of the poem and creates the impression of story telling. The exception to this is the last two lines, which form a rhyming couplet to make an impact: â€Å"no gaudy scars, the bumper knocked him clear. /A four foot box, a foot for every year†. The poem contains eight sentences, which run through the lines and the stanzas, making the poem less like a poem and more like a story. The sentences are a mixture of lengths, which makes some of them very simple, for example â€Å"Next morning I went up to the room.† Others, in particular the sentence which starts with the third stanza and runs through into the fifth, are very descriptive and show that he is taking everything in at once. The mood in the poem is sombre and sad. The tone of the poem is one of sorrow, grief, hurt and distress. The father is crying, the mother is so distraught she cannot cry. Heaney does not state his own emotions, but it is clear that he is hurting and however much he hides it, the reader can sense it through the poem’s tone. The language in the poem is vernacular or every-day, simple, sparse and clear. This almost â€Å"un-poetic† language reduces the poem to its bare essentials and this makes the impact of the awful event stronger and more effective. Just as the body has no â€Å"gaudy scars† the poem has no flowery, overblown descriptions. Onomatopoeia, such as â€Å"cooed† and â€Å"whispers† are used to reinforce the quietness of the poem and of death. Others, such as â€Å"coughed† and â€Å"knocked† break the silence and show the horror of what has happened. When the body first arrives, Heaney distances himself from it by calling it a â€Å"corpse†; he is reluctant to admit that it is a person. However, as soon as he sees the body, he admits to himself that his sibling is dead, and uses personal pronouns such as â€Å"him†, â€Å"his† and â€Å"he†. The title of the poem can have lots of meanings. At first the reader might think of a holiday, the normal meaning of a mid-term break, but after reading the poem, we know that this was not the case. Instead, the title can be associated with the boy who has died; mid-term, as in mid-life, in other words the untimely and unexpected death. Another meaning can be that the family has been broken in the middle of every-day life. The reader himself can decide which of these Heaney meant the title to be. The alliteration in the poem brings out sounds to aid the images. The hard ‘c’ sounds at the start and the end, â€Å"Counting bells knelling classes to a close† and â€Å"knocked him clear†. The harsh sound is suggestive of his way of dealing with grief, letting his locked up emotions come out in his words. Those hard sounds contrast with the soft â€Å"s† sounds in the seventh stanza: â€Å"Snowdrops and candles soothed the bedside†. These soft sounds show that Heaney is literally soothed by the c andles and flowers. There are very strong images in the poem, the first of which is in the second line: â€Å"bells knelling† are associated with death and â€Å"to a close† also suggests the finality of death. One of the more striking images is the image of the â€Å"snowdrops and candles†. Snowdrops are white and pure, which suggests innocence. Snowdrops grow up through frost and they represent a symbol of new life after death. The candles have a symbol of remembrance, and give a hint of religious significance. There is one main metaphor in the poem: the dead child is â€Å"wearing a poppy bruise†. The idea that he is wearing the bruise gives the idea that it can almost be wiped off, or that it is not really part of the boy. This shows the reluctance of Heaney to admit that his younger brother is dead. This is echoed in the simile of â€Å"He lay in the four foot box as in a cot†; he would rather that his little brother is sleeping, not dead. In twenty-two lines of simple language, almost prose; Seamus Heaney has created a striking and shocking picture of the tragic death of a child. The poem is deceptive in its simplicity because it is full of imagery and has a deep impact. Without allowing himself any sentimentality, Heaney leaves us with a deep impression of the effect of the boy’s death on the whole family. The last line in the poem, â€Å"A four foot box, a foot for every year†, is one that is very famous. This is because it stays with the reader long after they have read the poem.

Сapitalism and Colonialism

Ð ¡apitalism and Colonialism Austin (2014) considers the correlation between colonialism and capitalism. It was argued that the spread of capitalism was largely caused by colonial gains of major empires.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ð ¡apitalism and Colonialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Austin (2014) does not refute this statement but offers particular ways in which capitalism found its way to the colonies and the way it developed in empires. Importantly, the author identifies five major features of development of capitalism in the second part of the nineteenth century. These features are: divergence in wealth and technology of the West and the â€Å"Rest†, â€Å"transformation† of trade relations between colonies and empires and the very nature of this trade, appearance of new â€Å"settler-monopoly† and creation of new â€Å"neo-Europes† (Austin 2014, pp. 301-303). These features provide insights into the nature of the present-day world as well as the way imperial order of the world evolved and transformed. It is noteworthy that each of the features requires particular attention. At this point, it is necessary to note that the new type of colonialism was characterised by the focus on commercial aspect and industrialisation. Development of technology (especially military one) was one of the primary forces that boosted transformations of the nineteenth century. Thus, developed industrialised countries exercises their power and had the resources to exploit resources of less developed countries. Each year the gap between developed and developing countries increased as the former had all the necessary resources to advance technology and accumulate wealth. It is noteworthy that some may focus on this feature of development of imperialism. However, the other four factors are equally important. It is also possible to add that these four features are especially interconnected. Thus, developm ent of new trade patterns contributed greatly to a new span of capitalism which was spreading globally. Transformation of the commercial relations as well as population patterns led to empowerment of the colonised countries.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Americas, for instance, European settlers soon after the expansion to the continent made up the majority of the population. It is logical that they brought principles of capitalism to the new land and they were eager to gain independence (which was financial rather political). At the same time, in Asian countries, local elites formed and these elites were also a potent force that enabled the states gain economic as well as political independence. Obviously, the contemporary world order is rooted in the transformations which were taking place in the second part of the nineteenth century. Austin (2014) mentions t he Soviet Union and its impact stressing that this empire was not capitalistic but communist. At the same time, even this empire followed the patterns which were developed in the nineteenth century. In conclusion, it is possible to note that capitalism and colonialism shaped the world and formed the basis for the present-day models as well as state boundaries. Economic empowerment of empires was accompanied by financial strengthening of colonies. The five features of the correlation between colonialism and capitalism mentioned above help understand why the contemporary world is in its present state. Reference List Austin, G 2014, Capitalism and the colonies, in L Neal JG Williamson (eds), The Cambridge history of capitalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 301-347.

Northern Arizona NAU Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Northern Arizona NAU Admissions and Acceptance Rate With an acceptance rate of 78  percent, Northern Arizona University (NAU) is generally accessible to most. Students, in order to apply, will need to submit an application (which can be completed online) and official high school transcripts. While the school is test-optional, students interested in scholarship opportunities may be required to submit SAT or ACT scores. For complete guidelines and instructions, be sure to visit Northern Arizonas website, or get in touch with an admissions counselor. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016) Northern Arizona University Acceptance Rate: 78%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for NAU AdmissionsNorthern Arizona University Has Test-Optional AdmissionsBig Sky Conference SAT score comparisonSAT comparison for Arizona collegesACT comparison for Arizona collegesBig Sky Conference ACT score comparison Northern Arizona University Description Founded in 1899, Northern Arizona University is a large public university whose 738-acre campus is located in  Flagstaff, Arizona, and the school also has many satellite campuses. NAU  can boast that it is closer to the Grand Canyon than any other university. Students come from 50 states and 70 countries, and they can choose from 91 undergraduate degree programs and 60 graduate degree programs offered through the universitys seven colleges. Education and business are both extremely popular among undergraduates. The university has a 18 to 1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 28. In athletics, the NAU Lumberjacks compete in the NCAA Division I  Big Sky Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 30,361  (26,500 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41% Male / 59% Female81% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $10,764 (in-state); $24,144 (out-of-state)Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,872Other Expenses: $4,850Total Cost: $26,486 (in-state); $39,866 (out-of-state) Northern Arizona University Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 92%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 86%Loans: 52%Average Amount of AidGrants: $9,222Loans: $6,122 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business Administration, Criminology, Elementary Education, Liberal Arts, Management, Nursing, Psychology, Special EducationWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 76%4-Year Graduation Rate: 36%6-Year Graduation Rate: 53% Intercollegiate Athletics Mens Sports: basketball, cross country, football, tennis, track fieldWomens Sports: basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, track field, volleyball Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Northern Arizona University, You May Also Like These Schools Arizona State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Arizona: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oregon: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Nevada Los Angeles: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Southern California: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphColorado State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of New Mexico: ProfileSan Diego State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCSU Long Beach: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWashington State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Behavior Change Plan to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease

Behavior Change Plan to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle Behavior to Prevent a Reoccurrence of Coronary Heart Disease James J. Speen Introduction Justification for choosing the health behavior I am a 57 year old male, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus II, and cardiovascular disease stemming from atherosclerosis. In March of 2006, I experienced an acute angina pectoris attack while testing for a brown belt in Tae Kwon Do. The angina attack led to an emergency department visit at a local health facility and ultimately culminated in a quadruple coronary artery bypass graph (CABG). My healthcare providers are continually stressing the importance of making healthy choices and maintaining a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent a reoccurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Further, supporting my physician’s opinion, Ferris, Kline, and Bourdage (2012) state that â€Å"biopsychosocial health displayed no direct relationship to CHD risk, but positively predicted a healthier lifestyle. A healthier lifestyle was related to lower levels of CHD risk.† Over the past 6 months, I have strayed from my regimen of healthy eating and daily exercise and am beginning to feel the negative effects of weight gain, sore joints, and decreased endurance during physical activity. It is now behavior modification time. This will be accomplished by discontinuing my current unhealthy behaviors and resuming a healthy lifestyle consisting of a regimen of eating heart healthy foods and exercise. Justification for the behavior change plan I used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model, as outlined in our textbook, Health Psychology A Biopsychosocial Approach (Straub, 2012) to evaluate my current behavior. First, I determined that continuing my behavior would eventually lead to another CABG or even worse my death. Secondly, after considering my doctor’s views regarding CHD prevention through lifestyle modification; I chose to comply with my healthcare provider’s advice. And finally, I rea lized that I am the only one who can manage my controllable health risk factors. Method Materials and Procedure I monitored my pre-change caloric intake, blood glucose, and physical exercise levels for seven days. My caloric intake and amount of exercise was recorded using the MyFitnessPal mobile application. Blood glucose levels were measured each day with a OneTouch Ultra 2 blood glucose meter. Glucose measurements were performed twice each day at 6:00a.m. and at 10:00p.m.. This data was used to establish my base line cardiac healthy lifestyle compliance. After this period, I enacted a behavior change plan to regain control over my controllable cardiac health risk factors. I added the use of a H o Medics model KS-701 digital dietary scale to accurately measure my food portions and increased the amount of water that I consumed daily. Additionally, 1 hour of cardiovascular and strength training exercises was added to the daily regimen. Caloric intake and exercise activity were recor ded using the MyFitnessPal mobile application and blood glucose was measured with the OneTouch Ultra 2 blood glucose meter. Nutritional data consisting of caloric intake, carbohydrates, fat, protein, cholesterol, sodium, sugar, and fiber from the MyFitnessPal application along with blood glucose data, was imported into an Excel spread sheet for data comparison and analysis. Average daily values for each category were computed for both the pre-behavior change and behavior change periods.

If Zeus asked you to create a state (country), how would go about Essay

If Zeus asked you to create a state (country), how would go about doing - Essay Example A country with a strong political system is bound to prosper economically and benefit its citizens. Therefore, given this opportunity, I would set a political system based on democracy. In as much as democracy has its own shortcomings, the citizens are given the mandate to elect their leaders, this empowers them to elect the leaders they have faith in and those they want (Allis). Additionally, they are given the power to remove them from ruling incase they fail to satisfy the demands of the majority. Allis says that these elected leaders should be well educated, honest and ethical. In this way, they will not be involved in stealing from the public funds through corrupt deals. The proletariat should also be well educated to ensure the result of their work is beneficial to the country. The government should promote equal opportunity and the freedom of speech. The press should be allowed to air news without censure to enable them expose to the public domain dirty corrupt deals. On the other hand, the king or president should form a government consisting of talented and educated advisors who promote and advocate for entrepreneurship or free enterprise. This kind of government will provide a sense of security and stability leading to a considerable direct foreign investment and increased GDP characterized by low unemployment rates and low inflation (Allis). Religious matters should be handled with care. Cline asserts that without God, there can never be an absolute morality standard. In a religious state, there is no confusion in running the affairs of the state, devaluation of human life or even suppression of the human rights. Therefore, it is beyond any doubt that the country I would create; must have a strong religious backing to ensure that everything is running smoothly, and the country is on the fast track towards prosperity. The religious views of all the varied denominations should be respected. In this way, there will be a harmonious co-existence

Experience never be forgeten Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experience never be forgeten - Essay Example ollection of those events and how we challenged that situation has always been a thrilling experience for me and the story is often repeated by me to my inquisitive friends and relatives. We were a group of five friends and we made elaborate arrangements for the proposed camping adventure. A week before the date of departure for the camp, we busied ourselves in shopping and we collected tents and trappings and other equipment needed for the camping. We collected various items of food. The choices of each of one we were different and thus we had a good collection of food items. We had decided to stay overnight at the camping site which was all the more exciting. We started off early in the morning, and loaded our suitcases on the carrier of the car, and by 7.30 a.m. began heading for the destination. We had rented a car, and I had not thoroughly checked its condition, before agreeing to take it, and that was a serious mistake that I committed, especially when we were going on a long journey. The car began to tell its story and it seemed as if it is not happy with its noisy companions. We had covered a distance of about fifteen miles and at a lonely stretch and I had to bring the car to a screeching halt due to a flat tire and I had a difficult time in controlling it. None of us were experts in fixing the tire, but with great difficulty and hesitation we solved the problem. My only fear was what we should do, if another tire would go flat. After fixing the tire problem, we had tea and snacks in a roadside restaurant and then we moved further. I was driving slowly and after covering about 10 miles, I suddenly realized that I forgot my cellphone at the restaurant, and we had just crossed a bridge and the next exist was after 4 miles. We had to get back and I felt that the bridge was mocking at us, for we were using it for the third time in less than one hour. The GPS was also quite unfriendly and was constantly teasing us with â€Å"Keep Right† and â€Å"Keep Leftà ¢â‚¬ 

TARP Report...Project Scope Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TARP Report...Project Scope - Case Study Example As such, the paper addresses the issue of lack of diversity in the group with reference to its functional and cultural skills. Such are the key elements, which hinders the group from achieving success in terms of having diversified projects, as well as having the ability to appeal to people from other cultural backgrounds. The current demographic composition of the group depicts a gap, which needs filling so that the group is not limited to a given clientele. Thus, No Kurfew Entertainment will have the ability of attracting different artists from different cultural backgrounds. No Kurfew Entertainment group has music makers, visual artists, creative writers, photographic and videographic talents. However, these persons have other responsibilities in the group. Thus, it becomes impossible for the individuals to achieve a high level of specialization, which will contribute towards their achievement of success. Thus, the project is limited to providing solutions and recommendations on how No Kurfew Entertainment group can achieve internal diversity in terms of functional skill and talent. These will ensure that the group has the potential of penetrating the market of entertainment industry in a creative manner while sustaining a diverse culture. Such includes supporting the creativity culture, which results in the improvement of the production level of the group. The provided recommendations are for the No Kurfew Entertainment to consider without being coerced in any issue. This is because the primary focus is the provision of professional consultancy services on how No Kurfew Entertainment can fix its problem of cultural diversity. Nevertheless, the recommendations will contribute in ensuring that the group increases its clientele, promotes brand development, retains and recruits employees, improves the work performance of employees and the productivity level increases significantly. The provided recommendations do not

Biotechnology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biotechnology - Personal Statement Example As I pursue this course, I realized that my choice would give me opportunity to enter in a professional field which can explore my knowledge and expertise. I have understood that in order to be productive and beneficial to science and technology world, one should have in depth knowledge of multiple subjects. At this moment, I realize that I require a higher education in bio- technology from a reputed University. As this institution has a prominent place in educational field I understand the quality of its education. I would be extremely pleased to complete my Masters program from your esteemed University. I am confident that a Masters Degree from your University can enable me to attain a prospecting career benefits. I believe that my studies and the project experience would be an attraction in my admission application. My passion and dedication to my academics will be my best strength as an applicant. I have given much time and energy to earn knowledge in this field in order to make my higher studies and career bright. I truly understand mere education in best institution would not guarantee me a promising care. It is my abilities, dedication and hard work which can make me a potential student and professional. Biotechnology is a discipline which demands high intelligence, hard work and analytical skill. I am definite that I possess all these qualities which can make me a contributing student of you esteemed institution. I have been a successful graduate and have good knowledge of the commitment and motivation needed to be a successful master degree applicant. I am confident that I would be a versatile students and a performer during my studies. I have received positive reviews from my teachers regarding my academic proficiency and had been advised to receive Masters from the best Universities in the country. I have been dreaming of Masters since couple of years and applying to this University has given my dream an entry. My parents

Natural sister Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural sister - Essay Example condary intervention in the case of the disaster would include laboratory testing and x-ray imaging in order to detect internal fractures and metabolic upsets. For example, the nurses in Haiti could use X-ray images to identify broken limbs. The testing enables nurses to make well-versed diagnoses and thus offer effective treatment. Tertiary intervention involves follow-up activities that nurses can engage in after treating an incident. In this case, the nurses would conduct physical examinations especially for broken limbs and laboratory tests for other metabolic problems. The intervention is easier if access to health care services for victims is streamlined. The above intervention would be ideal in the response phase of the disaster. The reasoning is that at this stage, the health hazards can be determined. In addition, it is impossible to ascertain the level of damage before a disaster. The response requires a collective effort of the public, government and civil societies. The government plays a bigger role in ensuring that the medical services reach all the people affected by the disaster and ensuring availability of medical

TARP Report...Project Scope Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TARP Report...Project Scope - Case Study Example As such, the paper addresses the issue of lack of diversity in the group with reference to its functional and cultural skills. Such are the key elements, which hinders the group from achieving success in terms of having diversified projects, as well as having the ability to appeal to people from other cultural backgrounds. The current demographic composition of the group depicts a gap, which needs filling so that the group is not limited to a given clientele. Thus, No Kurfew Entertainment will have the ability of attracting different artists from different cultural backgrounds. No Kurfew Entertainment group has music makers, visual artists, creative writers, photographic and videographic talents. However, these persons have other responsibilities in the group. Thus, it becomes impossible for the individuals to achieve a high level of specialization, which will contribute towards their achievement of success. Thus, the project is limited to providing solutions and recommendations on how No Kurfew Entertainment group can achieve internal diversity in terms of functional skill and talent. These will ensure that the group has the potential of penetrating the market of entertainment industry in a creative manner while sustaining a diverse culture. Such includes supporting the creativity culture, which results in the improvement of the production level of the group. The provided recommendations are for the No Kurfew Entertainment to consider without being coerced in any issue. This is because the primary focus is the provision of professional consultancy services on how No Kurfew Entertainment can fix its problem of cultural diversity. Nevertheless, the recommendations will contribute in ensuring that the group increases its clientele, promotes brand development, retains and recruits employees, improves the work performance of employees and the productivity level increases significantly. The provided recommendations do not

Natural sister Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural sister - Essay Example condary intervention in the case of the disaster would include laboratory testing and x-ray imaging in order to detect internal fractures and metabolic upsets. For example, the nurses in Haiti could use X-ray images to identify broken limbs. The testing enables nurses to make well-versed diagnoses and thus offer effective treatment. Tertiary intervention involves follow-up activities that nurses can engage in after treating an incident. In this case, the nurses would conduct physical examinations especially for broken limbs and laboratory tests for other metabolic problems. The intervention is easier if access to health care services for victims is streamlined. The above intervention would be ideal in the response phase of the disaster. The reasoning is that at this stage, the health hazards can be determined. In addition, it is impossible to ascertain the level of damage before a disaster. The response requires a collective effort of the public, government and civil societies. The government plays a bigger role in ensuring that the medical services reach all the people affected by the disaster and ensuring availability of medical

Stop Poaching! Essay Example for Free

Stop Poaching! Essay Introduction My purpose for composing this proposal to solve a problem analysis is that I want to create awareness to the problem I am writing about because it is a very serious problem. The problem has increased drastically throughout Africa for the past decade. I place a very high value on its intellectual, social, psychological, economic, and physical significance towards this certain world problem. If I am increasing my comprehension and recognition of proposal writing; I will improve my critical reading and thinking ability exceptionally for future papers. Plan When I start the plan section of the metacognitive analysis I need to manage my time when reading the article: so I can better understand the article and what it is about. I have to plan very distinctively for the plan section of the metacognitive analysis. To write my paper I am going apply A2OC2 to write the paper. This process will help me access information, retrieve certain facts that are accurate for the paper, and make sure that the article I am using is excellent quality. This process will make the article I used to write my paper credible. To get all that information and the process to understand the article requires time. I estimate that I will need two hours to completely locate the right article for my paper, retrieve important information to write the paper, read and annotate the article. Also add an hour to complete a summary and genre analysis for the article. I expect the vocabulary to be difficult for the proposal to solve a problem metacognitive analysis. There is a great amount of medical words in this article and I do not know what most of them mean. I need about a few hours of sufficient time to integrate the above tasks into the metacognitive  analysis for my paper. During Reading II: Transferring Cognitive and Critical Reading Skills to Discourse Community Selection The way to use my newly acquired knowledge about proposal to solve problem arguments: is by managing my time better with my daily duties for a day. I can also have my resources ready around me when I need them for real-life situations in my chosen field. Another new skill I improved is critical reading and thinking: this skill will be very handle for my daily life actives. These skills will help me get prepared for my daily on-the-job tasks and real-life situations in my chosen field. That’s why managing my time and being prepared with necessary resources and having a critical reading and thinking about certain situations will help me understand them much better. Transfer Gobush, S.K., Mutayoba, M.B., Wasser, K.S. (2008) in â€Å"Long Terms Impact of Poaching on Relatedness, Stress Physiology, and Reproductive Output of Adult Female African Elephants† claims that poaching of elephants has left a lasting effect on the reproductive output of adult female elephants. The authors talk about how great the impact of poaching has left on the elephants physically and psychologically. The poaching has reduced elephant populations from 1.3 million to fewer than 600,000 in less than a decade and that psychological damaged the remaining elephants. Elephants live in group settings especially females; but the elephants that their Matriarch has been killed because of her tusks, do not live in group settings anymore. The young elephants suffer the most because they have no matriarch to teach them. There are more elephants now that live separately from other elephants because that is what they know. They did a study on the female elephants that lived in the isolated area that there was a high rate of poaching and it showed that those elephants had a higher fecal glucocorticoid values than the elephants that lived in an area that had a low rate of poaching. The elephants that lack an old matriarch have a higher physiological stress and a lower reproductive output (low chance of having children). The proposal  that has been presented to solve this problem is in 1989 an ivory ban was set up in this part of Africa. This ban is to prevent poaching of elephants for their tusks; which contain ivory. The authors have proposal to help move those isolated elephants out of the areas that have high rates of poaching to areas that there is a low rate of poaching. (Gobush et al) solutions to the problem are that they move the isolated elephants out of the poaching area and to the areas that is more heavily protected and more elephants that live in group settings. Ethically this proposal is excellent because it is help those elephants that have been scarred by poaching heal and getting them out areas that are conflicted by poaching. The time is a little too late because poaching has actually gotten worse through the years; but so has the protection in certain areas in Africa. Economic sense the proposal will take a lot of money to act on because Africa’s economy has been inadequate for the past decade. The practicality of the proposal is agreeable because it can be done if there is planning. (Gobush et al) used an extensive amount of outside sources to support their argument about poaching. The type of outside sources they used for the article is Statements from authorities, experimental data, statistics, and government documents. The authors used quotes from authors that are experts on the subject and facts from other scientist’s experiments on the same problem to support their argument. When (Gobush et al) did their experiments on the elephants they also had to check data from other experiments by other scientists to compare their on data and see is a difference had occurred. The way they integrated this information into the article is when they talked argued against poaching and effects it has taken on the elephants; they support that information from another article or use statistics from experimental data done by another scientist. (Gobush et al) does not seem to use any other outside sources other than these four types. (Gobush et al) (2008) support for their arguments reflects the A2OC2 information literacy formula: 1. Authoritativeness example: â€Å"Poaching dropped significantly across Tanzania following the ban; poaching mortality in Mikumi was reduced to a few elephants per year on average (Siege Baldus 2000: Ereckson  2001; J. Shemkunde, personal communication).†(Gobush et al, 2008, p.2). 2. Accuracy example: â€Å"Demographic disruption associated with poaching of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) is potentially long lasting because of the species long generation time. Poaching reduced populations from 1.3 million to fewer than 600,000 elephants in less than a decade (from 1979 to 1987).† (Gobush et al, 2008, p.2). 3. Objectivity example: â€Å"We hypothesized that adult female elephants that lack an old matriarch, close adult female, strong adult social bonds, or reside in an area with historically high risk of poaching maintain higher physiological stress and lower reproductive output than females from groups possessing these elements or that reside in areas of low poaching risk.† (Gobush et al, 2008, p.2). 4. Currency example: This article was submitted to Society for Conservation Biology in October 23, 2007 and accepted on March 13, 2008. (Gobush et al, 2008, p.1). 5. Coverage: This article has an extensive amount of information on the poaching of African elephants and the drastic effect poaching has left them through the years. The article has countless data from the experiments that (Gobush et al) conducted on the elephants. The data supplies information on how long poaching has been going in certain areas of Africa: also it provides the physical, psychological and physiological ef fect it has on the elephants that reside in those certain areas. The article is 11 pages long including the references that take up two pages. The information presented in the article that I learned can function in a future professional setting in my chose field. The way I will apply the information is that I and my co-workers will do an experiment on elephants in our time and still see if the effects of poaching are as drastic as they were years ago. Poaching by then should have slowed down; but if it has not then I predict that the trend would have gone up. So that where my co-workers and I come in and we are going to work together and get the data for proof of how tragic poaching has been on the elephants. We then take the data to the government and present it to them with facts about how bad the effects of poaching are to the elephants. An example is if I am writing a paper I would know how to use my newly acquired proposal writing strategies to communication. The proposal structure I would use is the Transferring Cognitive and Critical Reading Skills to Discourse Community Selection. The  evidence I would employ is web site, professional journal articles, non-print media, and a statement from authorities. These types of evidence meet the standards of my discourse community because they will help me to locate information that is important and select the best quotes to help me understand it better. After Reading: Evaluate and Reflect on What You Have Learned The metacognitive reading process can be difficult sometimes; I think I handled the process exceptionally well. There were moments that I did not understand how I was to apply the metacognitive process into my paper; but I eventually figured it out with a little research. So, technically my opinion on how well I engaged in the metacognitive reading process is that I did excellent engaging the process into my reading process. I have to say I need to improve on my planning when I start to read an article: I forgot my resources for example a highlight when I found an important piece of information. I had to reread again that area of the article. Evaluate The planning part of the metacognitive reading process was unsatisfactory because I did not plan very nicely. I was all over the place when I started the paper: I constantly had to go back to the article to find more information that made sense and connected to my main topic of the essay. Everything else was not as hard; annotating helped me understand the article incredibly well. I achieved all my reading goals for this paper; last time I said I was going to work on my time management and I did when I did this paper. I set a time for how long I would read the article and for writing my paper; I was surprised that I actually followed the time schedule. I was very realistic I chose sections that I knew I would understand quickly and finish them. I did not try to go for the whole metacognitive analysis paper when I knew very well I would have the time to finish it. That is not very realistic of me; but I plan to try for the next time I write another paper. The two ways that I can integrate the new reading strategies that learned in this unit is by establishing credibility to author of the articles I read. So I can know if what I am reading is credible. I will also counter argue with the author while I am reading; this will help me understand the subject  the article is on a critical reading and thinking level. My metacognitive reading goals have been met as I was writing this paper. My reading strategies have improved greatly through this writing process; especially my annotating and analysis on the article. I had to work on my analysis a few times because the first time it was not as good as I expected; but I have great confidence in my annotations of the article. These improvements will help me tremendously on my next paper. The one learning approach that I have made into a habit is I have become a critical reader and thinker and that has helped me a lot on this paper. That’s how will approach my futures article that I read and papers that I will write. Revise There are not many changes I can make to plan for future writing assignments because the planning I did for this paper was nearly perfect. I planned my time management and followed it through; but I think the one thing I would change having my resources a lined and close by. I chose a loud place and it was not comfortable for me. So I had some trouble getting comfortable and getting to work; there was too much distractions. To improve my awareness and recognition of the genre is that I will work on my presenting the subject; that part of the essay I believe was not as strong. Becoming a critical reader and thinker has gained me great confidence in my ability to read and understand information from the article. Also annotating has helped me tremendously and given me so much confidence. I think I can read any article and apply these skills and ended up understanding the article in the end. Conclusion Writing this paper has helped me improve my critical reading and thinking ability; but it has also improved my comprehension and recognition of proposal writing skills for this genre. These skills have helped me understand the article; it also helped me learn something new about how the world desperately needs our help. This article has made my desire to work with animals stronger. Poaching has a very high value of intellectual, social, psychological, economic, and physical significance. I hope this  world wide problem can be stopped soon. References Gobush, K. S., Mutayoba, B. M., Wasser, S. K. (2008). Long-Term Impacts of Poaching on Relatedness, Stress Physiology, and Reproductive Output of Adult Female African Elephants. Conservation Biology, 22(6), 1590-1599. Doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01035.x Gettleman, J. (2012, September 3). Elephants dying in epic frenzy as ivory fuels wars and profits. The New York Times. Retrieved from http:/ www.nytimes.com/

Improvement Of Dual Axis Tracker Using Arduino Uno Engineering Essay

Improvement Of Dual Axis Tracker Using Arduino Uno Engineering Essay Solar power generation had been used as a renewable energy since years ago.This type of energy is very clean, environmentally friendly and reliability as secondary choice for source energy.This paper present the design and improvement of dual axis tracker using Arduino Uno kit.Futhermore,the main objective is the dual axis tracker system which will actuate solar module will keep aligned with the sunlight in order to maximize in harvesting solar power.In this project,its divided by two categories;hardware and software.In hardware part,4 light dependent resistor(LDR) has been used to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting brightness level of sunlight.For rotation part, two standard servo motor has been selected.In software part,the code is constructed in C programming and inserted in Arduino Uno.This project is designed for low power and portable application.Therefore, its suitable for rural area usage.Moreover,the efficiency of output power which collected by sunlight are incre ased. Keywords Dual Axis,LDR,Servo Motor,Arduino I. INTRODUCTION Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural source such as sunlight, wind rain ,tides ,wave and etc. Renewable energy provide 19% of electricity generation worldwide.Malaysia,with population of about 28 million, is one of fastest-growing economies in Asia. During the last decade, Malaysia has seen almost 20% increase in energy generating capacity from 13,000MW in 2000 to 15,500MW in 2009.Under the 8th Malaysia plan (2001-2005),the government of Malaysia changed the Four Fuel Policy(based on oil, gas, coal and hydropower) to the Five-Fuel Policy with the addition of renewable energy as fifth source of fuel. Malaysia is well endowed with abundant non-renewable and renewable source of energy, especially biomass and solar. In the last ten year,many residentals around the world used electric solar system as a sub power at their houses.this is because solar energy is an unlimited energy resource,set to become increasingly important in longer term, for providing electricity and heat energy to user[1].Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation.The sun is most is most inexhaustible,renewable source energy known to man.The is no price and also no air pollution created by solar energy ,environmentally friendly and solar energy are interminable supplies[3].It is related with aspects as deforestation control,protection of ozone layer,reduction of CO2 emission and others[4]. The main objective of this paper is to develop solar tracker.The solar tracker can be used for several application such as solar cells,solar day-lighting system and solar thermal arrays[1].Nowadays,the highest efficiency of solar panel is 19%.So,the efficiency can be enhance by using solar tracker.Albeit,the price of various solar tracker are still expensive because solar tracker is still new and only a few countries use it as South Korean and USA[1].Futhermore,this project is designed for rural area which far from main supply and absolutely low cost. Previous researchers [1],[3] and [6] used LDR as sensor respectively.Other that,[1] ,[6]used dc motor and [3] used servo motor as the mover of their solar tracker. II. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR TRACKER Finding energy source to satisfy the worlds growing demand is one of society foremost challenges for next half century.The challenge in converting sunlight into electricity via photovoltaic solar cell is dramatically reducing $/Watt of delivered solar electricity.In this context the solar tracker are such devices for efficiency improvement.Solar tracker is the devices which designed automated for detect the sunlight movement from east to west.However,this automated system will stay its operational even if weather is cloudy and there is no sun visible totrack,thus spending stored energy without any gain[6]. Nowadays,many researcher from various education institution likely contribute in this topic. Based on experimental and actual result,the solar tracking can enhance by 30 to 60 percent compared to static solar array.Other that, power generated annually increase up to 40 percent.There are numbers types of solar tracker depends on cost,performance and technology[3]. This paper continues development on two axis tracking system consists Light Dependent Resistor(LDR),standard servo motor,solar module and Arduino programmer. III METHODOLOGY This project is divided into two parts,hardware development and programming development.Figure 1 show the block diagram of the project. C:UsersAlberto_TaminoDesktopDrawing1.jpg Figure 1:Block diagram of the project 2 Project Design 2.1 Hardware The main components of hardware used in this project are Arduino Board,Light Dependent Resistor,Servo Motor,Solar Panel and solar tracker stand,variable resistor. 2.1.1 Arduino Board In this project,Arduino was used as main controller.Arduino is an open-source electronic prototyping platform based on flexible,easy to use software and hardware.Arduino can sense environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can effect it surrounding by controlling light,motor and other actuator.The microcontroller on the board is programmed using Arduino programming language and Arduino development environment.Arduino can be stand alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer. 2.1.2 Light Dependent Resistor Light Dependent Resistor is semiconductor which sensitive with light.The main purpose is to change the brightness of light in different weather condition.Becauce of these reason,this paper choosed LDR which suitable to track the sunlight. 2.1.3 Servo Motor Servo motor is one type of various motor in electronic application.This type motor required supply 4.8V or 6V.This motor consists three wire namely signal,positive and ground wire.The motor consists several part,the motor and gearbox,a position sensor,an error amplifier and motor driver and circuit to decode the requested position.Servo motor only rotate in 180 degree. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQmkuTWaXtVnqH1pvD1XfCAoz4L-eOvUpgzLpaZTOGhzP16cFze Figure 2:Servo Motor 2.1.4 Solar Panel Solar panel is a device to receive sunlight and convert it into electricity.Nowadays,many type solar panel in the market but the efficiency still low.Other that,the price still expensive.That reason makes this type renewable energy still second choice energy generation after fuel generation.This paper used monocrystalline solar panel for solar tracker and static mode. C:UsersCIPOXS~1AppDataLocalTempWPDNSE{ABEA16F1-1E2E-5557-6656-659DC8B5A9B6}191120121132.jpg Figure 3: 2W Solar Panel 2.1.5 Solar Tracker Stand This project designed the cheap and innovative stand.This stand also stable because the big base area makes the servo motor and solar operate as usual at the top. C:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopsolar tracker(FYP 2)181120121127.jpg Figure 4: Prototype of Solar Stand Material Unit Quantity PVC Tee  ¾ inch 3 PVC Elbow  ¾ inch 4 PVC Reducing Socket 1  ½ to  ¾ inch 1 PVC Pipe 2 meter 2 TOA Spray Light Green 1 Table 1:Prototype Material 2.1.6 Variable Resistor A variable resistor is a potentiometer with only two wires instead of three.The pots allows to control yhe potential across through the circuit.The long handle on the potentiometer/variable resistor can be turned clockwise or anti-clockwise,altering the value of resistance.The range of resistance varies,for example 0 to 1000 ohms.This paper used variable resistor for speed and tolerance for each motor;vertical and horixontal axis. C:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopdownload.jpgC:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopdownload (1).jpg C:UsersCipOx StarzDesktopimages.jpgC:UsersCipOx StarzDesktop220px-Faders.jpg Figure 5: Several of Variable Resistors 2.2 Software This paper using the C programming as programming language.The simple code constructed and inserted into Arduino Board.The Figure 6 show the flowchart of the software procedure. C:UsersAlberto_TaminoDesktopDrawing1.jpg Figure 6: Flowchart of software procedure. IV. RESULT AND DICUSSION From the result,the author selected the suitable location for solar panel placement.The best location where is not shade from building or trees shadow.The sun moves from east to west.Therefore,the author choosed for placing the solar tracker toward south east.So,the solar panel will get more sunlight in order to harvest output power.The best reading time is between 10am till 12.00pm. The data collected from 9am till 5.00pm for 5day.The highest ouput voltage for solar tracker is 3.7V and for the static is 3.4V.The data shown the reading are upward from 9.00am till 12.00pm and start downward from 1.00pm till 5.00pm.According from data,the author choosed two condition of solar panel: Static Solar Panel which face north east in 45 degree tilt. Solar Tracker which face east. From the data from figure 9,the largest output power is 587.6mW at 12.00pm for the tracker mode and the the lowest is 4.1mW. Figure 7:Output Voltage Versus Output Current Figure 8:Output Voltage Versus Time Figure 7:Ouput Power Versus Time The sunlight irradiation depends on many factor.The weather in Malaysia is hot and humid throught the year.This factor makes Malaysia receive the rain most the year.Therefore,Malaysias atmosphere covered by variety of cloud. The author research how effect the variety of cloud to solar panel reading.The data from figure 10 shown the highest ouput power harvested when no cloud in the atmosphere.Other that,the lowest reading is when the sky covered by cumulonimbus cloud.This type of cloud are bulky and associated with thunderstorm.Therefore,the sunlight irradiation not fully emitted to the solar panel. Figure 8:Output Power Versus Day V. CONCLUSSION In conclusion,the objective of solar tracker has been archieved.Based on all result,the output voltage and output power are increased compared to the the static solar panel.The solar tracker is able to track the sun movement from west to east.The cost and reability of this tracker makes it suitable for the rural usage. This paper also conclude that the clouds also the main factor for harversting more power.The purpose on renewable energy from this paper gave new and innovative idea to continue the bright future in this field . VI. RECOMMENDATION For further research on this field,the data collection can be improved by long distance monitoring especially when user far from the site or when the rain.The high quality camera can be installed for capturing the type of cloud for futher research.Other that,this paper recommend that this innovative prototype can be enhance by increased it is scale.The solar panel can be replaced by larger scale in order to capturing more solar irradiation.Other that,the selection of solar panel should be also considered.Solar panel should high in efficiency for produce more output power which can used more low power appliances. For the location of solar tracker,the best location is the higher place where is in the top building.Other that,the further user should considered the clouds.Before the installation,the user should research and identify the most area which not covered by cloud.Lastly,the user should be managed to restore the ouput power as secondary supply in an effort to preserve the invironment and ozone.Save our earth. ACKNOWLEDMENT The author would like to acknowledge University Technology Mara (UiTM) for providing the component for this project.The author also tribute to Mdm. Aida Sulinda Kusim,all the lecturer,the staff and students of UiTM who have been involved in this project for the tremendous support and enormous guide. REFRENCES [1] Asmarashid Ponniran,Ammar Hashim,Ariffuddin Joret. A Design of Low Power Single Axis Solar Tracking System Regardless of Motor Speed.Internal Journal Of Intergrated Engineering,Vol.3 No.2(2011) p 5-9. [2] Ashok Kumar Saxena,V.Dutta. A Versatile Microprocessor Based Controller For Solar Tracking.Proc.IEEE,1990,pp.1105-1109 [3] Mohd Zulkifli,M.A.;Zolkapli.M.;Al-Junid,S.A.M. High-Efficency Dual Axis Solar Tracking Developtment Using Arduino. [4] J.Beltran A.,J.L Gonzalez Rubio S.y C.D.Garcia-Beltran. Design,Manufacturing and Performance Test of a Solar Tracker Made By a Embedded Control.Fourth Congress of Electronic,Robotic and Automotive Mechanics [5] Norhazwani Abd Malek,Hasril Hasini,Adlansyah Abd Rahman,Mohd Nasharuddin Mohd Jaafar. An Improved Solar PV System for Malaysian Rural Electrification.Proceeding of 2010 IEEE Student Confrence on Research and Development(SCOREeD 2010). [6] Prabodh Bajpai,Subhash Kumar.Design,Development and Performance Test of An Automatic Two Axis Solar Tracker System.Electrical Engineering Department,IIT Kharagpur,West Bengal,India [7] Gamal M.Dousoky,Abou-Hashema M.EL-SAYED,Masahito Shoyama. Maximizing Energy-Efficency In Single Axis Solar Tracker Photovoltaic Panels.8th International Conference on Power Electronic-ECCE Asia -May 30 June ,2011,The Shila Jeju,Korea. [8] Han Wan Siew, Solar tTrackerSIM University,2008 [9] Jyotirmay Gadewadikar, Microprocessor Based Soalr tracking System Using Stepper Motor S.G.S Institute of Tech Science,Indore