A Computerized World Essay Example For Students

A Computerized World Essay Since the primary PC was made in the late fifties, the innovation hasdeveloped very. PCs which replaced a front room at that point, arenow being made in creditcard-positions. An ever increasing number of regions are being taken overby the PC. As PCs are equipped for taking care of a lot of information in a very shorttime, they are appropriate for wordprocessing. I surmise that it wont be longtill all the paper-files are supplanted by attractive tapes and diskettes. Adiskette can contain significantly more information than a composed page, and it takes lessplace It is conceivable to get the Norwegian phone directory on only one diskette. In not so distant future, another territory will be taken over by PCs, to be specific maps. Various courses are put away on one single reduced circle. Envision, essentially insertthe CD into the CD-driver in your vehicle, and advise the PC where to go. Therest will be done naturally. This will be a more secure, quicker, and morecomfortable approach to travel. Another new region, called augmented reality is right now being tried. This is away to reproduce reality on a screen. So as to feel this supposed realityyou need to wear unique electronic glasses and an electronic suit. Secured tothe suit are sensors, which send data to the principle PC. Thiscomputer works with the information and presentations them on the electronic displays. This is a method which utilize three-dimentional sees, in this manner the sceneryseems inconceivably practical. On the off chance that you need to be a fighter, essentially change thescenery on the primary PC, and you are in the ring. Today, numerous children have computer games. You could state these games are thepresents answer to ludo and imposing business model. As it were, it is an extraordinary bit of leeway thatthe kids are being introduced to computors at an early age, since they willdefinitely need to utilize them later, when they begin to work. Later on therewill be not many occupations which wont utilize computors, somehow. However, thevideogames are regularly being introduced as something negative, which frustrate thekids from doing schoolwork and other increasingly helpful exercises. This in part true,if they do quite a bit of it. Be that as it may, by and large, I think the youthful people groups contact withcomputers is certain. In Norway today, it is getting progressively basic to have a PC at home. You canuse a PC to keep family spending plans or different financial aspects. It isalso conceivable to connect with your bank and transwer cash while youre inyour living room. It is conceivable to contact different databases and accumulate data from them. Theuse of PCs has lead to other criminal activities. Hacking is one of them. A programmer takes and controls data from different databases. Thesecrimes can be destructive. In The USA, programmers have figured out how to break intoNASAs database. The PC programs, the product, are very costly, sometimesthey are much more costly than the equipment. Along these lines it isn't surprising tomake duplicates of these projects. This is carefully unlawful, yet no one appears tocare, on the grounds that it is hard to control it. Programming makers free BILLIONSof dollars every year along these lines. Numerous strategies have been developed to forestall this, however since the programmers oftenare more keen than the individuals who make the product, I question that there willever be a successfull approach to upset this.

LAB8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LAB8 - Essay Example Go for a stroll of around one mile along a nation street or stroll at any rate 30 minutes in a city or town and record the waste that was inappropriately discarded in the indigenous habitat. (It’s a decent method to get some additional activity this week as well). Utilize indistinguishable classes from being referred to #1 above, yet be increasingly explicit (i.e., what number of glass or metal jars, what number of old tires, and so forth.) were found along your walk. Keep your eyes open for a wide range of waste, which could be characterized as whatever isn't normal in nature. On the off chance that you attempt to help nature by getting the reject, it would be ideal if you wear defensive gloves. Recondition tires are retread tires; they can be fixed and can by and by be utilized securely on a vehicle. Reprocessed tires are those tires that at are too harmed to even consider being reconditioned or fixed are frequently reprocessed tires, can return and be repurposed for application as in black-top and street ways. Right off the bat, espresso beans can be added to compost when spared, they can buy nearby new leafy foods to serve at their cafã ©, they can utilize genuine cups, instead of paper or plastic, selling utilized and gave books is additionally an extremely supportive commitment that numerous cafés could make. Reusing the bundling and reusing delivering boxes can be both cash sparing and naturally more amiable. Organizations can likewise change from customary pressing popcorn and change to another pressing material that can be break down with water when not, at this point required, in contrast to Styrofoam. Engine Oil can be reuses and is negative when essentially dumped in the earth. CFCs, or Chlorofluorocarbons, found in cooling frameworks are naturally harming and ought to be gathered. At long last, the entirety of the cleaning solvents mechanics use to clean the working pieces of vehicles, these ought to be gathered. The Savemor’s diminish squander by keeping up family machines and when they need supplanting consistently put resources into vitality productive

Short-Term Memory Duration and Capacity

Short-Term Memory Duration and Capacity Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Short-Term Memory Duration and Capacity By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 25, 2019 Joshua Hodge Photography / Vetta / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Duration Capacity Short-Term vs. Working Memory Short-Term vs. Long-Term Memory View All Back To Top Short-term memory, also known as primary or active memory, is the information we are currently aware of or thinking about. The information found in short-term memory comes from paying attention to sensory memories. A quick overview: Short-term memory is very brief. When short-term memories are not rehearsed or actively maintained, they last mere seconds.Short-term memory is limited. It is commonly suggested that short-term memory can hold seven plus or minus two items. Duration  of Short-Term Memory Most of the information kept in short-term memory will be stored for approximately 20 to 30 seconds, but it can be just seconds if rehearsal or active maintenance of the information is prevented. Some information can last in short-term memory for up to a minute, but most information spontaneously decays quite quickly. For example, imagine that you are trying to remember a phone number. The other person rattles off the phone number, and you make a quick mental note. Moments later you realize that you have already forgotten the number. Without rehearsing or continuing to repeat the number until it is committed to memory, the information is quickly lost from short-term memory. You can increase the duration of short-term memories to an extent by using rehearsal strategies such as saying the information aloud or mentally repeating it. However, the information in short-term memory is also highly susceptible to interference. Any new information that enters short-term memory will quickly displace any old information. Similar items in the environment can also interfere with short-term memories. While many of our short-term memories are quickly forgotten, attending to this information allows it to continue the next stage â€" long-term memory. Capacity  of Short-Term Memory The amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory can vary. An often-cited figure is a plus or minus seven items, based on the results of a famous experiment on short-term memory. In an influential paper titled The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two, psychologist George Miller suggested that people can store between five and nine items in short-term memory. More recent research suggests that people are capable of storing approximately four chunks or pieces of information in short-term memory. Distinction Between Short-Term Memory and Working Memory Short-term memory is often used interchangeably with working memory, but the two should be utilized separately. Working memory refers to the processes that are used to temporarily store, organize, and manipulate information. Short-term memory, on the other hand, refers only to the temporary storage of information in memory. Distinguishing Short-Term From Long-Term Memory Memory researchers often use what is referred to as the three-store model to conceptualize human memory. This model suggests that memory consists of three basic stores: sensory, short-term, and long-term and that each of these can be distinguished based on storage capacity and duration. While long-term memory has a seemingly unlimited capacity that last years, short-term memory is relatively brief and limited. Chunking information into small groups makes it easier to remember more items for a short period. The information-processing view of memory suggests that human memory works much like a computer. In this model, information first enters short-term memory (a temporary holding store for recent events) and then some of this information is transferred into long-term memory (a relatively permanent store), much like information on a computer being placed on a hard disk. How Can Short-Term Memories Become Long-Term Memories? Since short-term memory is limited in both capacity and duration, the retention of memories requires transferring the information from short-term stores into long-term memory. How exactly does this take place? There are a few different ways that information can be committed to long-term memory. As mentioned earlier, chunking is one memorization technique that can facilitate the transfer of information into long-term memory. This approach involves breaking up information into smaller segments. If you were trying to memorize a string of numbers, for example, you would segment them off into three or four item blocks. Rehearsal can also help information make it into long-term memory. You might use this approach when studying materials for an exam. Instead of just reviewing the information once or twice, you might go over your notes over and over again until the critical information is committed to memory. The exact mechanisms for how memories are transferred from short-term to long-term stores remain controversial and not well understood. The classic model, known as the Atkinson-Shiffrin model or multi-modal model, suggested that all short-term memories were automatically placed in long-term memory after a certain amount of time. More recently, other researchers have proposed that some mental editing takes place and that only particular memories are selected for long-term retention. Still, other researchers dispute the idea that there are separate stores for short-term and long-term memories. Recent research has shown that exercise may also help increase short-term memory. One experiment found that treadmill exercise in rats with Alzheimers led to improvements in short-term memory by increasing neurogenesis, offering hope for new approaches  that alleviate some of the symptoms associated with Alzheimers disease. A Word From Verywell Short-term memory plays a vital role in shaping our ability to function in the world around us, but it is limited in terms of both capacity and duration. Disease and injury can also have an influence on the ability to store short-term memories as well as convert them into long-term memories. As researchers continue to learn more about factors that influence memory, new ways of enhancing and protecting short-term memory may continue to emerge.

The Effect Of Metabolic Acidosis On The Body - 1411 Words

The cause of acidosis in the body is when the kidneys and lungs do not maintain the balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases. It can either occur when bicarbonate (a base) is lost or when acid builds up. Acidosis can be defined as either respiratory or metabolic. Too much carbon dioxide (an acid) in the body leads to respiratory acidosis. When the body gets into a situation where it is unable to remove enough carbon dioxide through breathing, it causes respiratory acidosis. This kind of acidosis is also called hyper-capnic acidosis and carbon dioxide acidosis and could be caused by: chest deformities, such as kyphosis, Chest injuries, chest muscle weakness, chronic lung disease and overuse of sedative drugs. The symptoms that can be caused by respiratory acidosis are confusion, fatigue, lethargy, shortness of breath, and sleepiness. Metabolic acidosis develops when too much acid is produced in the body. It can also occur when the kidneys cannot remove enough acid from the body. There are several types of metabolic acidosis: Hyperchloremic, Lactic and diabetic. Things that could cause acidosis are: Dehydration, Aspirin poisoning and kidney disease. Diabetic acidosis (also called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA) develops when substances called ketone bodies (which are acidic) build up during uncontrolled diabetes. The symptoms of metabolic acidosis symptoms depend on the underlying disease or condition. The metabolic acidosis itself usually causes rapidShow MoreRelatedCauses Respiratory And Metabolic Diseases Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagespart in the body and diseases. Also, many different treatments for diseases. Also, there many bad side effects these treatments and medication cause. There are many different people get sick from these diseases. In this paper, I am going to research about respiratory and metabolic. There two type respiratorys that I am going to research respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalemic. There also two types of metabolic that I am going to research metabolic alkalemic and metabolic acidosis. I am researchingRead MoreAcidosis and Akalosis1101 Words   |  5 Pagesvalue for the body fluids is between pH 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH value of body fluids is below 7.35, the condition is called acidosis, and when the pH is above 7.45, it is called alkalosis. (Tortora, G., Derrickson, B., 2014) The major effect of acidosis is depression of the central nervous system. When the pH of the blood falls below 7.35, the central nervous system malfunctions, and the individual becomes disoriented and possibly comatose as the condition worsens. Causes for acidosis include thingsRead MoreAcute Respiratory Acidosis And Chronic Respirtory Acidosis1473 Words   |  6 PagesRespiratory Acidosis, or respiratory failure, makes the blood pH and other fluids in the body decrease, which makes them acidic. Respiratory acidosis can occur when the lungs cannot remove the right amount of carbon dioxide from the body. Too much CO2 can make the blood too acidic. This is from the body needing to balance the ions that help control pH. Normally, lungs take in oxygen and remove by exhaling, CO2. Oxygen passes from the lungs into the blood, and CO2 passes from the blood into theRead MoreTypes Of Acid Base Imbalances1291 Words   |  6 Pages1 (a) There are four types of acid base imbalances that can occur within the human body. These are best known as respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. Each imbalance works in its own way and causes different effects on the body. The pathophysiology of the acid base imbalance, respiratory alkalosis, is best described by a human taking deep and rapid respirations resulting in alveolar hyperventilation. When a person experiences hyperventilationRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Acidosis And Alkalosis828 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences between Acidosis and Alkalosis Acidosis is when the pH of one’s blood is below the normal level of 7.35. Alkalosis is when the pH of one’s blood is above 7.45. These can be broken down into two categories respiratory and metabolic. Normal oxygen (CO2) levels are 35-45 mmHg in systemic arterial blood. Normal levels for HCO3− 22-26mEq/liter in systemic arterial blood. Respiratory Acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove all the carbon dioxide that the body makes. In turn this makesRead MoreThe Effect Of Concentration On The Ph Of A Buffer853 Words   |  4 Pagesdecrease or increase in either arterial pressure or partial pressure that is where Alkalosis and Acidosis comes in. Buffers are weak acids of bases that are able to minimize changes in pH by taking up or releasing H+. Phosphate is an example of an effective buffer, as in the following reaction. HPO42- + (H+)↔H2 PO4- Blood pH Must be Kept Close to 7.4 . Hydrogen ion is extremely reactive and effects many molecules which regulate physiological processes whislt Blood pH is set at a slightly alkalineRead MoreCondition Of The Body And Body Fluids Of Acidity And Alkalinity981 Words   |  4 Pagesorder for the body to be at homeostasis there must be balance between the blood and body fluids of acidity and alkalinity. Tortora and Derrickson reminds us, the normal pH range for systemic arterial blood is between 7.35 and 7.45. When levels drop below the 7.35 pH range, a condition known as acidosis can be present (2014). When levels rise above the 7.45 pH range, the condition known as alkalosis may well be the culprit. Normal pH balance is reestablished through compensated acidosis and alkalosis;Read MoreBlood Buffer Systems : Human Anatomy And Physiology896 Words   |  4 Pagesfinally, the renal system (which is the most powerful in the acid-base balance) kicks in but usual takes between a few hours to a day to take effect in changing the blood pH. The blood buffer system is primarily made up of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions that maintain the proper pH of the blood. There are three major chemical buffer systems of the body: Bicarbonate buffer system: Consists of weak carbonic acid and its salts with a strong base, sodium bicarbonate. Carries carbon dioxide throughRead MoreNotes1190 Words   |  5 Pages(decrease/increase GFR) and whether or not dilute/concentrated urine results): ADH (Vasopressin) – ADH has an antidiuretic action that prevents the production of dilute urine. Formation of urine = in the DCT and collecting ducts, water movement out of the body is regulated by ADH. Stimulus for their release = lowered blood pressure or low salt or water concentration in the blood will stimulate the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. Actions (decrease/increase GFR) = increased ADH would decreasesRead MorePathophysiology of Acid Base Balance Essay examples6959 Words   |  28 PagesSharon L. Edwards âˆâ€" Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College, Chalfont Campus, Newland Park, Gorelands Lane, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4AD, United Kingdom Accepted 13 May 2007 KEYWORDS Acid base balance; Arterial blood gases; Acidosis; Alkalosis Summary There are many disorders/diseases that lead to changes in acid base balance. These conditions are not rare or uncommon in clinical practice, but everyday occurrences on the ward or in critical care. Conditions such as asthma

The Effects Of Global Population On The Environment

Can you believe that the global population has been grown up to 3.7 billion in the past 50 years (Baldini, 2015). It still increases at an extremely high rate, and will reach 90 billion in the year 2050. The population is not the only issue which has been increasing rapidly, some negative effects also have increased. In this research paper, I will discuss two major negative effects on the environment that have occurred due to the great number of human population which includes the changing of natural resources, and the effects of living on the earth. Introduction According to Aviles (2015) â€Å"Concerns about over population are still prevalent in many public policy and scientific debates.† One example is that the Chinese government had passed the â€Å"One Child Only Policy† more than three decades ago. The One Child Only Policy promoted late marriage and late childbirth in order to control the populations usage of limited natural resources. In this modern society, population pressure is a problem associated in many areas, such as economy and society. The major issue that occurs under this pressure is our environment issue. The population grows much faster than the natural resources’ renewing speed. Living organisms need those resources to sustain their lives. Not only do humans need the natural resources to live, but it is also a way of creating as much substances as needed to make life more convenient and interesting, such as how we use wood to produce paper and furniture, andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Global Warming On The Environment And The Population979 Words   |  4 Pagesgreenhouse gas admission are evident through the rising global temperatures, causing extreme natural disasters and expanding sea levels. Anthropogenic climate change refers to the production of greenhouse gases emitted into the earth’s atmosphere as a result of human expansion and activity. According to research conducted by The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA, 2016) the average global temperature of the Earth has risen 0.87 degrees CelsiusRead MoreThe Effe cts Of Global Warming On The World1235 Words   |  5 Pagesit. They may not be feeling the effects of global warming at the moment, but in time it will become a more widespread issue. The effects of global warming are hard to refute, and there is endless evidence of this growing problem in our world today. The continuation of global warming is a serious threat to everyone and everything on Earth. Global warming has been a problem for over a hundred years, and it continues to grow every day. The first evidence of global warming was discovered in 1859Read More Overpopulation, Industrialization, and the Degradation of the Environment934 Words   |  4 PagesDegradation of the Environment The overall growth of the human population in the last 2000 years has been a J-shaped growth. This can also be expressed as an exponential growth. A big question that can only be answered in time is how this population growth will slow down or stop. The planet can only handle so many humans before the effects of overpopulation send the environment into an unrecoverable tailspin of degradation. So the question is will the overall maximum human population be reached inRead MoreEssay on The Ecological Consequences of Global Economic Growth1426 Words   |  6 PagesConsequences of Global Economic Growth â€Å"There have been five ‘ mass extinctions’ in the history of the earth, when between 65% and 95% of all species were wiped out, due to natural processes of selection and evolution. Some scientists now argue that we are heading for a ‘sixth extinction’, caused by the actions of humans.† (Cock and Hopwood, 1996:17) In the following I’m going to look at the positive and negative effects of the ecological systems of global economic growthRead MoreThe Changing Relationship Between Nature And Society1658 Words   |  7 Pages As Barrack Obama once stated â€Å"All across the world, in every kind of environment and region known to man, increasingly dangerous weather patterns and devastating storms are abruptly putting an end to the long-running debate over whether or not climate change is real. Not only is it real, it s here, and its effects are giving rise to a frighteningly new global phenomenon: the man-made natural disaster.† (Obama, 2006). In this speech Obama spoke honestly and truthfully about the current situationRead MoreHow Are We Affected by Global Warming and How Can We Stop It?1259 Words   |  6 PagesHow are we effected by global warming and how can we stop it? Global warming directly effects everyone and everything on Earth. The concentration of greenhouse gasses is climbing at an alarming rate. Many negative issues will take place if nothing is done stop the destruction of the Earths atmosphere. Humans, plants, and animals contribute to the cycle of life on earth. The extinction of plants and animals caused by global warming can lead to worldwide panic. The future flooding of the EarthRead MoreEnvironmental Global Health : A Social Science Point Of View1492 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental global health analyzes the nature and build of the environmental by researching the effects of human and their interactions with the environment while creating ways to reduce environmental risk factors. Singer and Erickson define environmental risk factors as: â€Å"specific ways that environment features and events threaten human health† (Singer, Erickson 2013: 114). Environmental Global Health effects everyone from a state, community, organ izational, interpersonal, and individual levelRead MoreEnvironmental Sustainable Development : Global Warming1696 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to as global warming. Apparently, in the minds of many, the term global warming refers to increase in global temperatures. No need to worry because the world survives the heat in summer and people living in the scoring heat regions enjoy life thanks to air conditioning technology. Apparently, the world is yet to understand the threats posed by global warming to the present and future generations. That is the reason people continue to engage in activities that contribute to global warming. EnvironmentalistsRead MoreMalthus s Theory Of The Demographic Transition Theory1279 Words   |  6 Pagesa strain on the global aspects of the environment. As our planet now holds over 7 billion people (US Census Bureau, 2016), scientists, economists, and environmentalist’s struggle to find a solution to our â€Å"growing† problem. One theory that explains this population change is the demographic transition theory. This theory, defined as a thesis that links population patterns to a society’s level of technological development (Macionis, 2013 p. 636), suggests that the key to population control lies inRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Natural Phenomenon1218 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Global warming is a natural phenomenon. People produce greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, by burning fossil minerals, cutting down trees and stripping the land, often referred to as deforestation. These greenhouse gases have high permeability to the visible light from the sun radiation, but they are highly absorbent to the long wave radiation that is reflected from the earth. These gases have especially strong absorption to the infrared from ground radiation. This phenomenon

The Hunters Phantom Chapter 33 Free Essays

â€Å"Stop!† Elena screamed. â€Å"Stefan! Stop it! You’l kil him!† Even as she said it, she realized that kil ing Damon might be exactly what Stefan’s idea was here. Stefan tore at Damon with his teeth and hands, not pummeling him, but ripping feral y, with fangs and claws. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 33 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stefan, his body in a vicious primal crouch, his canines extended, his face distorted by a snarl of animal fury, had never looked more like a bloodthirsty vampire. And behind Elena as she watched them, that seductive, chil ing voice went on, tel ing Stefan that he would lose everything, just like he always lost everything. That Damon took everything from him and then tossed it carelessly, cruel y aside, because Damon simply wanted to ruin whatever Stefan had. Elena turned and, too frightened by what Stefan was doing to Damon to have any fear left of the phantom, slammed it with her fists. After a moment, Matt and Bonnie joined her. As before, mostly their hands just slid through the phantom’s mist. The phantom’s chest was solid, though, and Elena focused her rage on that, hitting against the hard ice there with as much power as she could. Beneath the ice of the creature’s chest, a rose glowed a rich dark red. It was a beautiful flower, but deadly looking, its color reminding her of poisoned blood. Its thorny stem seemed swol en, thicker than a normal flower’s. As Elena stared at it, the glow deepened and the flower’s petals opened further, swel ing to ful bloom. Is that her heart? Elena wondered. Is Stefan’s jealousy nourishing it? She smashed her fist against the phantom’s chest again, right above the rose, and the phantom glanced at her for a moment. â€Å"Stop it,† Elena said fiercely. â€Å"Leave Stefan alone.† The phantom was real y looking at her now, and its – no, her – smile widened, her glasslike teeth sharp and shiny underneath her misty lips. In the glacial depths of her eyes, Elena thought she caught a chil y but genuine twinkle, and Elena’s own heart froze. Then the phantom turned her attention back toward Stefan and Damon, and, although Elena would never have believed it possible, things got worse. â€Å"Damon,† said the phantom throatily, and Damon, who’d been limp and exhausted, eyes clenched shut, passive under Stefan’s assault, shielding his face but not fighting back, opened his eyes. â€Å"Damon,† she said again, her eyes glittering. â€Å"What right does Stefan have to attack you? Whatever you tried to take from him, you were just fighting against the fact that he got everything – your father’s love, the girls you wanted – and you had nothing at al . He’s a sanctimonious brat, a selfloathing weakling, but he gets everything.† Damon’s eyes widened as if in recognition at hearing his own deepest miseries voiced, and his face twisted with emotion. Stefan was stil clawing and biting at him, but he fel back a little as Damon snapped into action, grabbing him by the arm and wrenching it. Elena winced with horror as she heard the crunch of something – oh, God – something in Stefan’s arm or shoulder breaking. Undaunted, Stefan only grimaced and then threw himself at Damon again, the hurt arm dangling awkwardly. Damon was stronger, Elena numbly noted, but exhausted; surely he wouldn’t be able to keep his advantage for long. For now they seemed fairly evenly matched. They were both furious, both fighting with no reservations. A bestial, nasty snarl came from one of them, shaky, vicious laughter from the other, and Elena realized with horror that she had no idea which sound was coming from who. The phantom hissed with enjoyment. Elena flinched away from her and, out of the corner of her eye, saw Bonnie and Matt step back, too. â€Å"Don’t break the lines!† Alaric shouted from the other side of†¦ where were they now, anyway? Oh, Mrs. Flowers’s garage – the garage. He sounded desperate, and Elena wondered if he had been shouting for a while. There had been some background noise going on, but there hadn’t been a moment to listen to it. â€Å"Elena! Bonnie! Matt! Don’t break the lines!† he shouted again. â€Å"You can get out, but step over the lines careful y!† Elena glanced down. An elaborate pattern of lines in different colors was chalked beneath their feet, and she, Bonnie, Matt, and the phantom were al together in a smal circle in the innermost center of this pattern. Bonnie was the first one to clearly realize what Alaric was saying. â€Å"Come on,† she muttered, yanking at Elena’s and Matt’s arms. Then she picked her way, daintily but quickly, across the floor, away from the phantom and toward their friends. Matt fol owed her. He had to pause on one foot in a smal section and reach with his other foot, and there was a moment when he wobbled, one sneaker almost blurring a blue line of chalk. But he caught his balance and continued on. It took Elena, stil mostly focused on the desperately grappling figures of Damon and Stefan, a few seconds longer to realize she needed to move as wel . She was almost too late. As she poised herself to take that first step out of the inner circle, the phantom turned its glassy eyes upon her. Elena fled, jumping quickly out of the circle and just barely managing to stop herself from skidding across the diagram. The phantom took a swipe at her, but its hand stopped before crossing above a chalk line, and it growled in frustration. Alaric shakily pushed his tousled hair out of his eyes. â€Å"I wasn’t sure whether that would hold her,† he admitted, â€Å"but it seems like it’s working. Now, careful y, Elena, watching where you step, make your way over here.† Matt and Bonnie had already reached the wal of the garage, at a distance from where Stefan and Damon were locked in battle, and Meredith had wrapped her arms around them, her dark head buried in Matt’s shoulder, Bonnie nestled against her side, her eyes as round as a frightened kitten’s. Elena looked down at the complicated pattern drawn on the floor and started moving careful y between the lines, heading not for her other friends but for the two struggling vampires. â€Å"Elena! No! This way!† cal ed Alaric, but Elena ignored him. She had to get to Damon and Stefan. â€Å"Please,† she said, half sobbing, as she reached them, â€Å"Damon, Stefan, you have to stop. The phantom’s doing this to you. You don’t real y want to hurt each other. It’s not you. Please.† Neither of them paid any attention to her. She wasn’t even sure whether they could hear her. They were almost motionless now, their muscles straining in each other’s grip as each tried to simultaneously attack and fend off the other. Slowly, as Elena watched, Damon began to overcome Stefan, gradual y pushing his arms aside, leaning in toward his throat, white teeth flashing. â€Å"Damon! No!† Elena screamed. She stretched out to grab his arm, to pul him off Stefan. Without even looking at her, he casual y, viciously shoved her aside, sending her flying. She landed hard on her back and slid across the floor, and it hurt, the impact jolting her teeth together, banging her head against the cement, white shocks of pain flaring behind her eyes. As she started to get up again, she saw with dismay Damon push through the last of Stefan’s defenses and sink his fangs into his younger brother’s neck. â€Å"No!† she screamed again. â€Å"Damon, no!† â€Å"Elena, be careful,† Alaric shouted. â€Å"You’re in the diagram. Please, whatever you do, don’t break any more lines.† Elena looked around. Her landing had sent her skidding through several of the chalk marks, which were now smeared al around her, smudges of color. She stiffened in terror and suppressed a whimper. Was it loose now? Had she set it free? Steeling herself, she turned toward the innermost circle. The phantom was feeling around itself with its long arms, patting up and down against some invisible wal bordering the circle that kept it contained. As Elena watched, its mouth thinned with effort and it brought its hands together in one spot and pushed. The air in the room rippled. But the phantom did not manage to break through the circle, and after a moment it stopped pushing and hissed in disappointment. Then its eyes fel on Elena, and it smiled again. â€Å"Oh, Elena,† it said, its voice soft with false compassion. â€Å"The pretty girl, the one everyone wants, the one the boys al fight over. It’s so very hard being you.† The voice twisted, its tone changing to bitter mockery. â€Å"But they’re not real y thinking of you, are they? The two you want, you’re not the girl for them. You know why they are attracted to you. Katherine. Always Katherine. They want you because you look like her, but you’re not her. The girl they loved so long ago was soft and sweet and gentle. An innocent, a victim, a foil for their fantasies. You’re nothing like her. They’l find that out, you know. Once your mortal form changes – and it wil . They’l be the same forever, but you’re changing and getting older every day; in a few years you’l look much older than they do – then they’l realize you’re not the one they love at al . You’re not Katherine, and you never wil be.† Elena’s eyes stung. â€Å"Katherine was a monster,† she spat out through her teeth. â€Å"She became a monster. She started out as a sweet young girl,† the phantom corrected her. â€Å"Damon and Stefan destroyed her. Like they’l destroy you. You’l never lead a normal life. You’re not like Meredith or Bonnie or Celia. They’l have chances at normalcy when they’re ready, despite the way you’ve dragged them into your battles. But you, you’l never be normal. And you know who’s to blame for that, don’t you?† Elena, without thinking, looked at Damon and Stefan, just as Stefan managed to shove Damon away from him. Damon staggered backward, toward the group of humans huddling by the wal of the garage. Blood was running from his mouth and streaming down Stefan’s neck from a terrible gash. â€Å"They’ve doomed you, just like they doomed the one they really loved,† the phantom said softly. Elena pushed herself to her feet, her heart pounding hard, heavy with misery and anger. â€Å"Elena, stop!† cal ed a powerful contralto voice, fil ed with such authority that Elena turned away from Damon and Stefan and, blinking as though she’d been woken from a dream, looked out of the diagram toward the others. Mrs. Flowers stood at the edge of the chalk lines, hands on her hips, feet planted firmly. Her lips were a straight angry line, but her eyes were clear and thoughtful. She met Elena’s gaze, and Elena felt calmed and strengthened. Then Mrs. Flowers looked around at the others gathered beside her. â€Å"We must perform the banishing spel now,† she declared. â€Å"Before the phantom manages to destroy us al . Elena! Can you hear me?† A surge of purpose running through her, Elena nodded and moved back to join the others. Mrs. Flowers brought her hands sharply together, and the air rippled again. The phantom’s voice broke off and it shrieked in fury, shoving at the air around it, its hands meeting resistance sooner, its invisible prison smal er. Meredith felt urgently around on the high shelf near the garage door, her hands touching and rejecting various objects. Where had Mrs. Flowers put the candles? Paintbrushes, no. Flashlights, no. Ancient can of bug spray, no. Bag of potting soil, no. Some weird metal thing that she couldn’t figure out from touching what it might be, no. Bag of candles. Yes. â€Å"I’ve got it,† she said, pul ing it off the shelf and dumping probably a decade’s worth of dust from the shelf onto her own head. â€Å"Urgh,† she sputtered. It was a mark of the seriousness of the situation, Meredith thought, that Bonnie and Elena both looked at her, head and shoulders coated in thick dust and spiderwebs, and neither giggled nor moved to brush her off. They al had more important things to worry about than a little dirt. â€Å"Okay,† she said. â€Å"First off, we need to figure out what color candle Damon would be.† Mrs. Flowers had pointed out that Damon was clearly a victim of the jealousy phantom as wel , and so would have to take part in the banishment ritual for it to work ful y. Looking at the two vampire brothers stil attempting to tear each other apart, Meredith seriously doubted whether Damon would be participating. Stefan either, for that matter. They were solely focused on inflicting as much damage as possible on each other. Stil , they would have to get the two vampires back to make the spel work. Somehow. Meredith found herself cool y wondering whether, if both Damon and Stefan died, they could safely be counted out of the ritual. Would the rest of them be able to defeat the phantom then? And if they didn’t murder each other, but simply continued to fight, endangering them al , would she be able to kil them? She shoved the thought away. Stefan was her friend. And then she determinedly made herself consider kil ing him again. This was her duty. That was more important than friendship; it had to be. Yes, she could kil them today, even in the next few minutes, if it was necessary, she realized. She would regret it forever if she had to, but she could. Besides, a part of her mind noted clinical y, if things went on as they were now, Damon and Stefan would kil each other, and save her that burden. Elena had been thinking hard – or maybe zoning out, focused on what the jealousy phantom had said to her, Meredith wasn’t sure – and now she spoke. â€Å"Red,† she said. â€Å"Is there a red candle for Damon?† There was a dark red candle, and also a black one. Meredith pul ed both out and showed them to Elena. â€Å"Red,† said Elena. â€Å"For blood?† asked Meredith, eyeing the fighters, now only about ten feet away. God, they were both just covered with blood now. As she watched, Damon growled like an animal and banged Stefan’s head repeatedly against the wal of the garage. Meredith winced at the hol ow sound of Stefan’s skul slamming against the wood and plaster of the wal . Damon had one hand around Stefan’s neck, the other ripping at Stefan’s chest as if Damon wanted to gouge out his heart. A soft, sinister voice was stil coming from the phantom. Meredith couldn’t make out what it was saying, but its eyes were on the brothers, and it was smiling as it spoke. It looked satisfied. â€Å"For passion,† said Elena, and snatched the candle out of Meredith’s hands and marched over, straight-backed and head high like a soldier’s, to the line of candles Alaric was relighting at the edge of the diagram. Meredith stared after her as Elena lit the candle and dripped a puddle of hot wax to stand it upon. Stefan forced Damon backward, closer to the others and their line of candles. Damon’s boots scraped against the floor as he strained against Stefan. â€Å"Okay,† Alaric said, looking at the candles apprehensively, then down at the book. â€Å"Each of us wil declare the jealousies inside ourselves – the weaknesses that the phantom is able to play on – and cast them out. If we real y mean it, if we manage, at least for the moment, to truly and sincerely cast out our jealousy, our candles wil go out and the phantom wil be weakened. The trick is to real y be able to banish the jealousies from our hearts and stop feeding the phantom, and if we al can do it at once, the phantom ought to disappear, or maybe even die.† â€Å"What if we can’t? What if we try to cast out jealousy, but it doesn’t go completely away?† Bonnie asked, her forehead crinkling with worry. â€Å"Then it doesn’t work and the phantom stays,† said Alaric flatly. â€Å"Who wants to go first?† Stefan slammed Damon down viciously onto the cement floor, a howl of anger coming from him. They were only a few feet from the line of candles, and Alaric stepped between them and the row of tiny flames, trying to shield the candles with his body. Celia shuddered as Stefan gave a low, furious growl and lowered his head to bite at Damon’s shoulder. Jealousy kept up a steady stream of venomous chatter, her eyes gleaming. Mrs. Flowers clapped her hands to get everyone else’s attention, her face stern and encouraging. â€Å"Children, you wil al have to be honest and brave,† she said. â€Å"You must al truly admit to your worst selves in front of your friends, which wil be hard. And then you wil need to be strong enough to cast these worst selves of yours away, which may be even harder. But you love one another, and I promise we wil get through it.† A thump and a muffled shout of rage and pain came from a few feet away, and Alaric glanced nervously over his shoulder at the battle behind him. â€Å"Time is of the essence,† Mrs. Flowers said briskly. â€Å"Who wil go first?† Meredith was about to step forward, clutching her stave for comfort, when Bonnie spoke up. â€Å"I wil ,† she said falteringly. â€Å"Um. I’ve been jealous of Meredith and of Elena. I always†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She swal owed, and then spoke more firmly. â€Å"I sometimes feel like I’m only a sidekick when I’m around them. They’re braver than me, and they’re better fighters, and smarter and prettier, and†¦ and taller than I am. I’m jealous because I feel like people don’t respect me as much as they do them and don’t real y take me seriously like they do Elena and Meredith. I’m jealous because sometimes I’m standing in their shadows, which are pretty big shadows†¦ metaphorical y speaking, I mean. And I’m also jealous because I’ve never even had a real boyfriend, and Meredith has Alaric, and Elena has Stefan, and because Elena also has Damon, who I think is pretty amazing, but who would never notice me when I’m standing next to Elena, because she’s al he can see.â₠¬  Bonnie paused again, and glanced at Elena, her eyes wide and shining. â€Å"But I love Elena and Meredith. I know I need to stop comparing myself to them. I’m not just a sidekick; I’m useful and talented, too. And† – she spoke the words Alaric had given them al – â€Å"I have fed the phantom of jealousy. But now I cast my jealousy away.† In the semicircle of candles, the flame of Bonnie’s pink one flickered and went out. Bonnie gave a little gasp and smiled, half-shamefaced, half-proud, at Meredith and Elena. From inside the diagram, the phantom of jealousy snapped its head around and glared at Bonnie. â€Å"Bonnie – â€Å" Meredith started to say, wanting to tel her friend that of course she wasn’t a sidekick. Didn’t Bonnie know how amazing she was? But then Elena stepped toward the candles and shook back her hair, head high. â€Å"I’ve been jealous of other people in Fel ‘s Church,† she declared. â€Å"I saw how easy it was for other couples to be together, and after al Stefan and I – and Damon, and the rest of my friends – have been through, and even after we saved Fel ‘s Church and made it normal again, everything just kept on being so hard and so weird and supernatural. I guess I’ve been realizing that things aren’t ever going to be just easy and normal for me, and that’s been tough to accept. When I watched other people and was jealous of them, I fed the phantom of jealousy. I cast that jealousy away.† Elena smiled a little. It was a strange, rueful sort of smile, and Meredith, watching her, thought that, while Elena had cast out her jealousy, she was stil haunted by regret for the easy, golden life she’d once had ahead of her and that had probably been taken away forever now. The candle was stil burning. Elena hesitated. Meredith fol owed her gaze past the line of candles to where Stefan and Damon struggled. As they watched, Damon heaved and rol ed Stefan under him, leaving a long streak of blood across the floor of the garage. Stefan’s foot brushed the red candle at the end of the line, and Alaric leaped to steady it. â€Å"And I’ve been jealous of Katherine,† Elena said. â€Å"Damon and Stefan loved her first, and she knew them before so much happened to change them, to†¦ warp them out of who they ought to be. And even though I realize that they both know I’m not Katherine and that they love me for who I am, I haven’t been able to forget that they noticed me at first because I look like her. I have fed the phantom of jealousy because of Katherine, and I cast that jealousy away.† The candle flame flickered, but did not go out. Jealousy smirked triumphantly, but then Elena went on. â€Å"I’ve also been jealous of Bonnie.† Bonnie’s head shot up, and she stared at Elena with an expression of disbelief. â€Å"I was used to being the only human Damon cared about, the only one who he would want to save.† She looked at Bonnie with tear-fil ed eyes. â€Å"I am so, so glad that Bonnie is alive. But I was jealous that Damon cared enough to die for her. When I was jealous of Bonnie, I fed the phantom of jealousy. But now I cast my jealousy away.† The golden candle went out. Elena looked almost timidly at Bonnie, and Bonnie smiled at her, an open, loving smile, and held out her arms. Elena hugged her tightly. Other than the grief she felt over Elena’s parents’ deaths, Meredith had never felt sorry for Elena. Why would she? Elena was beautiful, smart, a leader, passionately loved†¦ but now Meredith couldn’t help but feel a pang of sympathy for her. Sometimes it must be easier to live an everyday life than to be a heroine. Meredith glanced at the phantom. It seemed to be simmering and was now whol y focused on the humans. Alaric stepped around the candles toward the others, glancing back toward Damon and Stefan. Damon had pinned Stefan painful y against the wal behind Alaric. Stefan’s face was twisted in a grimace, and they could hear the scrape of his body against the hard surface. But at least Stefan and Damon weren’t endangering the candles for now. Meredith turned her attention to her boyfriend. What could Alaric be jealous of? If anything, he’d been the focus of jealousy the last week or so. He reached for Meredith and took one of her hands. â€Å"I’ve been jealous,† Alaric said, looking into her eyes. â€Å"Of you, Meredith. And of your friends.† Meredith reflexively arched a brow at him. What did he mean? â€Å"God.† He half laughed. â€Å"Here I am, a graduate student in parapsychology. I’ve been dying my whole life to prove to myself that there’s something more going on in the world than what everybody knows, that some of the things we think of as supernatural are real. And then I come to this smal town in Virginia because there are rumors, rumors I don’t real y believe, that there might be vampires here, and when I get here I find this amazing, beautiful, confident girl, and it turns out she comes from a family that hunts vampires. And her friends are vampires and witches and psychics and girls who come back from the dead to fight evil. They only just finished high school, but they’ve seen things I’ve never imagined. They’ve defeated monsters, and saved towns, and traveled to other dimensions. And, you know, I’m just this ordinary guy, and suddenly half the people I know – and the girl I love – are practical y s uperheroes.† He shook his head, looking at Meredith admiringly. â€Å"I’ve fed the phantom of jealousy. But now I cast my jealousy away. I’l just have to deal with being the boyfriend of a superhero.† Instantly, the dark green candle went out. Sealed in the inner circle, the phantom hissed and paced back and forth in the smal space like a trapped tigress. It looked angry, but not noticeably weaker. Celia spoke next. Her face was tired but calm. â€Å"I’ve fed the phantom of jealousy,† she proclaimed. â€Å"I’ve been jealous of Meredith Suarez.† She didn’t say why. â€Å"But now I see that it’s pointless. I’ve fed the phantom of jealousy, but now I cast my jealousy away.† She spoke as if she were dropping something into the trash. But stil the pale purple candle went out. Meredith opened her mouth to speak – she was clear on what she needed to say, and it wouldn’t be too hard, because she’d won, hadn’t she? If it had ever been a battle anywhere besides her own mind – but Matt cleared his throat and spoke first. â€Å"I have†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stumbled over his words. â€Å"I guess†¦ no, I know I’ve fed the phantom of jealousy. I have always been crazy about Elena Gilbert, as long as I’ve known her. And I’ve been jealous of Stefan. Al along. Even now, when Jealousy’s got him trapped in this bloody battle, because he has Elena. She loves him, not me. But, wel , it doesn’t matter†¦ I’ve also known for a long time that Elena and I together don’t work, not for her, and that’s not Stefan’s fault. I’ve fed the phantom of jealousy, but now I cast my jealousy away.† He blushed and careful y did not look at Elena. The white candle went out, sending a long trail of smoke toward the ceiling. Three candles left, Meredith thought, looking at the last steady flames. Stefan’s dark green, Damon’s red, and her own brown. Was the phantom any weaker? From its invisible cage, the Phantom growled. If anything, it seemed to have made the space around itself bigger again, and it was once again pushing at it, seemingly feeling for a weak spot. Meredith knew she had to keep the confessions going. â€Å"I’ve fed the phantom of jealousy,† she said in a strong, clear voice. â€Å"I was jealous of Dr. Celia Connor. I love Alaric, but I know I’m much younger than he is, not even in col ege yet, and I’ve never real y been anywhere or seen anything of the world – the human world, at least – outside of where I grew up. Celia shares so much with him – experiences, education, interests – and I knew he liked her a lot. And she’s beautiful and real y smart and poised. I was jealous because I was afraid she would take him from me. But if she had been able to take him, that would mean he wasn’t mine to keep. You can’t steal a person.† She smiled hesitantly at Celia, and after a moment, Celia smiled slightly in return. â€Å"I cast – â€Å" â€Å"Watch out!† Alaric shouted. â€Å"Damon! Stefan! Stop!† Meredith looked up. Damon and Stefan were staggering across the floor of the garage, past the line of candles, past Alaric, who grabbed at them. They broke out of his hold effortlessly without seeming to even notice his touch, shoving against each other desperately, struggling fiercely. Oblivious to anything but their battle, they were getting closer and closer to the phantom. â€Å"No!† shouted Elena. Damon shoved Stefan backward, and the heel of Stefan’s boot scraped across the chalk outlining the smal circle that contained the phantom – scraped across the chalk line and smudged it, and the circle was no longer complete. With a howl of triumph, the phantom was free. How to cite The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 33, Essay examples

The Rise of the Papacy

The church in Rome was just one of the many churches that were all over the Roman Empire. In 70 AD, however, the destruction of Jerusalem by the army of Titus meant that Rome was the new political as well as cultural capital of the empire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of the Papacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since many roads led to Rome and many people travelled there was a concentration of cultures and more so missionaries to a point where Christianity adopted Rome as its home base after the destruction of Jerusalem. This led to the growth of the roman church which warranted its respect especially due to its moral and doctrinal probity. This strengthened its influence on the political class to a point where emperors like Constantine adopted Christianity and professed the faith openly. This led to the church, which had lived as a lonely entity outside the ruling class, enjoyed an imperial embrac e. With the moving of the roman political capital to Constantinople by the emperor Constantine, the bishop was left in Rome1. The bishop of Rome took over the title of the Pope due to the influence that the church had on the leadership of Rome at the time. After the Roman Empire fell to the barbarians in 455 AD, the power of the bishop in Rome had grown immensely so as to fill the vacuum of leadership that was left. The church became the defender of order as well as the provider of justice. With the invasions that were rampant all over the empire, which marked the end of the pax romana, the unity and stability of the people had been shattered and it was upon the church to restore this sense of unity and stability as well as the confidence of the people. Pope Leo the Great was of particular importance in the rise of papacy as he not only convinced the barbarians not to destroy the city of Rome, he also coaxed the emperor Valentinian into recognizing the authority of the bishop of Rom e officially which led to the issuance of an edict by the emperor that proclaimed the papal supremacy of the bishop.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason behind the strength of the papacy in Rome lies in the nature of its authority. The first issues that were raised in regard to the authority of the Pope, was the suggestion that the bishop of Rome was a direct successor of St. Peter. This was later followed by the fact that Jesus had given St. Peter authority over the whole Christian church hence his successor also had to exercise authority over the church. Siriciuos was the first to impose the name Pope on himself and he served the church between 384 AD and 399 AD. He was also the first to issue a ruling that had a binding legal precedent on church dispute. This made the title of the Pope to be associated with supreme ecclesiastical authority, which held pastoral guida nce over all the churches and Christians in general. Before Siricious, Damasus I had already been recognized by the roman authority in Constantinople when the heresies of Apollinarianism as well as Arianism were condemned by the roman authorities after he had condemned them. He had also commissioned the use of the Latin Vulgate in the translation of the Bible and this was followed throughout the following centuries. There was the general belief that Leo the Great was the first Pope among the non-Christians as he was the first to exercise the misinterpretation of Mathew 16:18 to acquire some form of biblical support for his great authority. In the eighth century the ‘donation of Constantine’ was made public. This publication contained the last words of Emperor Constantine that he said on his death bed and it proclaimed that he had ceded all the land as well as the authority of Rome to the Pope. This exalted the position so much that the period that followed, between 897 and 955 was characterized by a total of 17 Popes. This was due to the corruption by power that the bishops of the time had. There was also the breach of the fundamental foundations of papacy such as clerical celibacy, where some of the men bribed to be ordained, some married and some kept concubines. This phenomenon is recorded in the Bible in Revelation 2:6, 14 and 15.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of the Papacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The dominance of Western Europe was mainly characterized by the rise of monarchs. At this period the Pope would crown kings which led to the establishment of the Papal States. This was mainly informed by need to obtain protection as well as support in case of aggression by the barbarians against Rome. It is important to note that at this time, the Pope had total control over Rome, both as a Christian leader and as a political ruler, and any invasion of Rome me ant that the authority of the Pope was being challenged2. An English Benedict monk by the name of Boniface was responsible for the crowning Pepin the short as the king of the Franks with approval from the Pope. He had been ordained as bishop after his great mission to preach Christianity to the Franks who are now referred to as the Germans. He went ahead to establish monasteries in the land and this earned him a lot of trust from the Frankish rulers. This led to a close relationship between the papacy and the Franks such that when the barbarians threatened to invade Rome, king Pepin protected Rome and even went ahead to give the Pope a strip of land in Italy which then made the office of the Pope a territorial ruler. This arrangement would continue for a while and it also instilled the totalitarian power of the church over states. In 1296, however, during the reign of Pope Boniface, the Pope threatened to excommunicate anyone who dared to tax the church3. This being a period of mili tary activity most kings were running out of resources to fund their huge armies and were therefore looking for other sources of income. King Edward I of England and king Philip of France were not happy about this threat and king Phillip went ahead to put an embargo on the export of jewels from his territory. This affected the Pope’s resources and he therefore withdrew the threat of excommunication. This created doubt among the people on the authority of the pope and later in 1301 the declaration by Boniface that all human beings were subject to the roman pope, was the straw that broke the camel’s back. King Philip resolved to depose the pope by claiming that he had been elected illegally and on grounds of immorality, heresy as well as simony.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Several churches joined in and King Philip’s troops went ahead to hold the pope prisoner in his hometown of Anagni in the Apennine Mountains for three days before he was rescued by his people. The people of Anagni escorted him back to Rome where he died a few weeks later. This marked the first open rejection of the pope and his spiritual dominance by the people, especially by the monarchies of Western Europe. The rise of papacy was characterized by some positive as well as negative ramifications. Among the positive aspects was the unification of Europe especially after the Roman Empire had fallen. The pope was able to extend the same spirit of the pax romana through at a smaller scale considering that he was under the constant threat of invasions by the barbarians. There was also the spread of Christianity which contributed to the installation of Christian morals in the roman laws. This ensured that the societies in Rome adopted the teaching of Jesus and were holier than befo re. Missionaries were now allowed to travel all over the empire to spread the word as well as establish churches and monasteries. The negative ramifications on the other hand, were specifically disastrous to the Christian belief. The assumption of secular leadership by the bishops exposed the church to scrutiny especially where the church had to give rulings that contradicted the Bible and its teachings, for instance, in cases of executions. The later rejection of the pope especially in the Western Monarchies also served to weaken the church and the Christian faith. Bibliography Ferguson, Everett. â€Å"Baptism in the early church: history, theology, and liturgy in the first five centuries†. Journal of Religious Studies Review 36 issue 1, (2010): 81-93. Web. Nicole, Roger R. â€Å"The Canon of the New Testament.† Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 40, no. 2 (2002): 199-206. Web. Verlag, Franz-Steiner. The evidence of the conversion of to Christianity: book 16 of the theodosian code.Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte (1993). Web. Footnotes 1 Verlag, Franz-Steiner. The evidence of the conversion of to Christianity: book 16 of the theodosian code. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte (1993). 68. 2 Everett Ferguson. â€Å"Baptism in the early church: history, theology, and liturgy in the first five centuries†. Journal of Religious Studies Review. Volume 36, issue 1, (2010). 71. 3 Roger, R. Nicole. â€Å"The Canon of the New Testament.† Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 40, no. 2 (2002): 134. This essay on The Rise of the Papacy was written and submitted by user Shiloh Greene to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.